1. 1a

2.  A confined space is:  Large enough to enter and perform work  Limited in the way of entry or exit  Not designed for continuous occupancy 1a

3.  Actual or potential hazardous atmosphere  Materials could engulf entrant  Internal shape could trap entrant  Contains other serious hazards 1b

4.  Before a Permit-Required-Confined-Space can be accessed, it is necessary to:  Conduct hazard evaluations  Post danger signs  Develop a permit space program 1c

5.  Entry into a Permit-Required-Confined-Space is not a one person job.  It requires a team of individuals who work together and have the knowledge and skills necessary to complete the job safely.  It requires the designation of qualified: ◦ Authorized entrants ◦ Attendant  It requires the availability of rescue equipment and trained rescue operators 2a

6.  A Permit-Required-Confined-Space can be re-classified into a Non-Permit-Confined- Space: ◦ Provided the space can be maintained in a safe condition for entry by mechanical ventilation alone. ◦ All confined spaces shall be considered Permit- Required-Confined-Spaces until a pre-entry checklist has been completed to demonstrate otherwise. 2a

7.  The Permit-Required-Confined-Space can be re-classified: ◦ If the permit space poses no actual or potential atmospheric hazards, ◦ And if all hazards within the space are eliminated without entry into the space ◦ Then, the Permit-Required-Space may be reclassified as a Non-Permit-Space. ◦ If it is necessary to enter the permit space to eliminate hazards, such entry shall be performed under a Permit-Required-Confined-Space procedure. 2a

8.  The following is CSP’s approach to dealing with confined space entries: ◦ CSP does not posses the infrastructure, technical or human to manage Permit-Required-Confined-Space Entries ◦ CSP applies a combination of procedures described above to re-classify the confined space to a Non- Permit-Confined-Space 2a

9.  CSP has several spaces that require entry permit.  A re-classification procedure must be followed before the following spaces spaces can be entered: ◦ All storage tanks ◦ The main pit ◦ The cooling tower basins ◦ The outdoors hypo and acid secondary containment pits ◦ The sludge pit under the brine filter

10.  Monitor entrants from outside the space  Know the hazards that could be faced  Understand behavioral effects of exposure  Maintain an accurate count of entrants  Communicate with entrants as necessary  Monitor activities inside and outside space  Know how to summon rescue services  Protect the permit space  Perform non-entry rescues 2b

11.  Permit is posted prior to entry  Entry supervisor can cancel permit  Entry supervisor can terminate entry 4c

12.  Availability of certification and documentation  Pre-entry observations  Periodic air monitoring observations 5c

13. Permit space: ◦ Does not pose any atmospheric hazards ◦ All hazards are eliminated without entry ◦ Entry supervisor evaluates conditions ◦ Attendant obtains entry permit ◦ Attendant ensures information is complete ◦ Attendant ensures permit is signed 6a

14. Employer certification must contain: ◦ Date ◦ Location of the space ◦ Signature of person reclassifying space 6b

15.  Oxygen deficiency ◦ Minimum safe level is 19.5 percent ◦ Maximum safe level is 23.5 percent ◦ Gases displace oxygen ◦ Chemical reactions consume oxygen 7c

16.  Combustibility ◦ Flammable and combustible gases or vapors are present ◦ Hazardous atmospheres contain more than 10 percent of lower flammable limit 7d

17.  Toxicity ◦ Occurs from previously stored material ◦ Result from coatings, cleaning solvents, or preservatives ◦ Detection is difficult 7e

18.  Engulfment ◦ Water or other liquids ◦ Grain ◦ Sand ◦ Sawdust ◦ Powders 7f

19. Understanding the behaviors people may exhibit while working in a permit-required confined space is critical. 8a

20. Asphyxiation: ◦ Mild changes ◦ Collapse 8b

21. Too much oxygen: ◦ Coughing ◦ Fainting ◦ Rapid breathing 8c

22. Fatigue: ◦ Tiredness ◦ Weakness ◦ Irritability ◦ Indecisive ◦ Uncommunicative ◦ Unable to recall details 8d

23. Attendants must: ◦ Maintain accurate count of entrants ◦ Use roster or other tracking system ◦ Accurately identify entrants 9a

24. Attendants must: ◦ Monitor activities inside and outside space ◦ Remain outside space during entry ◦ Be trained and equipped for rescues and relieved by another attendant before entering space (Permited- Required-Confined-Space) 10a

25. Attendants must: ◦ Communicate with entrants ◦ Alert entrant of evacuation 11a

26. Conditions for immediate evacuation: ◦ Prohibited condition emerges ◦ Behavioral effects are detected ◦ Situation arises outside space ◦ Duties cannot be performed safely ◦ Evacuation alarm is activated 11b