1. JACKSONIAN AMERICA “Age of the Common Man,” or triumph of demagoguery

2. I. End of the Era of Good Feelings

3. A. Panic of 1819 1. 1 st national economic crisis 2. “wildcat” banks 3. Blame directed at the “monster bank”

4. B. The Missouri Compromise 1. 1819, balance between free/slave states

5. 2. 2 nd MO Compromise - exclusion of “free negroes and mulattoes” Sovereignty: state or feds

6. C. The Corrupt Bargain 1. Election of 1824 J. Quincy Adams Federalist tendencies 2. Split Republicans “buck tails” 1826 – Democratic-Republicans

7. D. Expansion of democracy 1. 1830 – 5 states require property to vote - “majority rule” sentiment 2. Martin Van Buren - find popular leader

8. II. King Andrew The first “modern” President Rise of “mass American society” Manipulation of two-party system

9. A. Modern Presidency 1. Loved, hated 2. Rested his legitimacy on “will of the people” Compare w/ “Lyceum Address”

10. B. Mass society 1. Vertical v. horizontal society 2. No boundaries means no safety nets - economic growth breeds uncertainty A. De Tocqueville political democracy leads to cultural democratization

11. C. Permanent two-party system 1.Democratic Republicans – Democrats 2. Whig Party (1834-1856) 3. Advantages of two-party system - multi-sectional; bring compromise 4. Disadvantages - “demonize” opponents for political gain - too associated with regional interests

12. III. THE “DARK” SIDE OF DEMOCRACY Tyranny of the majority

13. A. War on the Bank 1. Inhibited prosperity? - market revolution 2. Withdrew federal funds - Panic of 1837

14. B. Tolerated mob violence 1. Attacks on abolitionist presses 1833 – Elijah Lovejoy 2. Religious intolerance - Joseph Smith - Mormon Extermination Order, 1838

15. C. Jackson’s Indian policy 1. Five “Civilized” Tribes Cherokee, Choctaw, Chickasaw, Creek, Seminole 2. Northern tribes Peorias, Kaskaskians, Kickapoos, Sauks, Foxes, Winnebagos

16. 3. Indian Removal Act, 1830 - carrot and stick approach 4. Black Hawk’s War, 1831-32 Black Hawk

17. 5. Cherokee - 1820s, bicameral legislature, courts, constitution, alphabet - 1828, GA nullifies Cherokee constitution; gold rush

18. 6. Marshall & SC, 1831, 1832 All GA legislation null and void “John Marshall has made his decision, now let him enforce it.”

19. 7. Trail of Tears, 1831-1838 John Ross

20. D. John C. Calhoun and the “Nullification Crisis” 1. 1828 “Tariff of Abominations” 2. Va. & Ky. Resolutions (1798) 3. 1833 – Jackson’s “Force Bill”

21. IV. “PROGRESSIVE” DEMOCRATIZATION IN THE AGE OF JACKSON Reform in a “horizontal” society

22. A. Industrialization 1. Bourgeoisie, “middle class” 2. Civic activism as response to social ills reject laissez faire Liberalism – Jeremy Bentham, “utilitarianism”

23. B. Alternatives 1. Utopian Socialism Robert Owen – New Harmony, IN 2. Mormonism Joseph Smith Communitarian lifestyle

24. 3. Civil disobedience Henry David Thoreau no obligation to follow immoral laws

25. C. 2 nd Great Awakening 1. Rejection of materialism 2. Temperance, abolition William Lloyd Garrison “A covenant with death and an agreement with Hell”

26. D. Origins of feminism 1. Cult of domesticity / “separate spheres?” 2. Middle class women and power consumerism, associationism abolition, temperance, child labor, education Politicization of women’s concerns

27. 3. Seneca Falls Convention, 1848 Elizabeth Cady Stanton, Lucretia Mott Declaration of Sentiments