1. The
Antebellum
South
Ch. 16 EU: In what ways and to what extent was industrial development from 1800 to 1860 a factor in the relationship between the northern and the southern states?

2. Early Emancipation in the North

3. Missouri Compromise, 1820

4. Antebellum
Southern
Economy

5. Graniteville Textile Co.
Founded in 1845, it was the South’s first attempt at industrialization in Richmond, VA

6. Slaves Picking Cotton on a Mississippi Plantation

7. Slaves Using the Cotton Gin

8. Southern Agriculture

9. Slaves Working in a Sugar-Boiling House, 1823

10. Changes in Cotton Production
1820
1860

11. Value of Cotton Exports As % of All US Exports

12. “Hauling the Whole Week’s Pickings” William Henry Brown, 1842

13. Antebellum
Southern
Society

14. Characteristics of the Antebellum South
Primarily agrarian.
Economic power shifted from the “upper South” to the “lower South.”
“Cotton Is King!” * 1860 5 mil. bales a yr (57% of total US exports).
Very slow development of industrialization.
Rudimentary financial system.
Inadequate transportation system.

15. Southern Society (1850) “Slavocracy” [plantation owners]
6,000,000
The “Plain Folk” [white yeoman farmers]
Black Freemen
250,000
Black Slaves 3,200,000
Total US Population  23,000,000 [9,250,000 in the South = 40%]

16. Southern Population

17. Slave-Owning Population (1850)

18. Slave-Owning Families (1850)

19. The South's
"Peculiar
Institution"

20. Slave Auction Notice, 1823

21. Slave Auction: Charleston, SC-1856

22. Slave Accoutrements
Slave Master Brands
Slave muzzle

23. Anti-Slave Pamphlet

24. Slave Accoutrements
Slave leg irons
Slave tag, SC
Slave shoes

25. Antebellum
Southern
Plantation Life

26. Slaves posing in front of their cabin on a Southern plantation.

27. Tara – Plantation Reality or Myth?
Hollywood’s Version?

28. Scarlet and Mammie (Hollywood Again!)

29. A Real Mammie & Her Charge

30. The Southern “Belle”

31. A Slave Family

32. The Ledger of John White
Matilda Selby, 9, $ sold to Mr. Covington, St. Louis, $425.00
Brooks Selby, 19, $ Left at Home – Crazy
Fred McAfee, 22, $ Sold to Pepidal, Donaldsonville, $
Howard Barnett, 25, $ Ranaway. Sold out of jail, $540.00
Harriett Barnett, 17, $ Sold to Davenport and Jones, Lafourche, $900.00

33. US Laws Regarding Slavery
U. S. Constitution: * 3/5s compromise [I.2] * fugitive slave clause [IV.2]
1793  Fugitive Slave Act.
1850  stronger Fugitive Slave Act.

34. Southern Slavery--> An Aberration?
1780s: 1st antislavery society created in Phila.
By 1804: slavery eliminated from last northern state.
1807: the legal termination of the slave trade, enforced by the Royal Navy.
1820s: newly indep. Republics of Central & So. America declared their slaves free.
1833: slavery abolished throughout the British Empire.
1844: slavery abolished in the Fr. colonies.
1861: the serfs of Russia were emancipated.

35. Slavery Was Less Efficient in the U. S. than Elsewhere
High cost of keeping slaves from escaping.
GOAL  raise the “exit cost.”
Slave patrols.
Southern Black Codes.
Cut off a toe or a foot.

36. Slave
Resistance
&
Uprisings

37. Slave Resistance 1. Pretense of being unable to be educated or trained
Refusal to work hard.
Isolated acts of sabotage.
Escape via the Underground Railroad.

38. Runaway Slave Ads

39. Quilt Patterns as Secret Messages
The Monkey Wrench pattern, on the left, alerted escapees to gather up tools and prepare to flee; the Drunkard Path design, on the right, warned escapees not to follow a straight route.

40. Abolitionists of the North

41. The South & Slavery - Personalities
Theodore Weld: Slavery As It Is
Formed basis of ethical argument against slavery
Argued slavery destroyed & degraded the image
of God in Man
Converted Tappan Bros. & J. Birney
William Lloyd Garrison: Boston abolitionist
Alienated middle-class whites by belief in disunion
Founded American Anti-Slavery society
**His efforts helped w/adoption of 13th Amendment
The Liberator (1831)

42. The South & Slavery - Personalities
David Walker: Wrote The Appeal to the Colored Citizens of the World, which advocated slave rebellions & violence to achieve freedom
Sojourner Truth: Ex-slave from NY/For abolition & women’s rights
Illiterate
Lincoln invited her to White House
for advice
Isabella Baumfree
Sojourn is “visitor or traveler”

43. The South & Slavery - Personalities
Frederick Douglass: Escaped slave living in MASS
Published North Star (newspaper)
Dressed as a sailor to escape
After autobiography published, he went to Eng.
Took 8 yrs. To get $700 to buy freedom
After 44 yrs. of marriage, his 1st wife died & he
married his white secretary
After war ambassador to Haiti
Nat Turner: Slave preacher (VA)
Resulted in death of 50+ whites (mainly women & children); axes
Inspired by vision from God (eclipse)
Valued at $375
Revolt halted in 48 hrs.
300 innocent blacks killed by white mobs
The capture of Nat Turner

44. The South & Slavery - Personalities
John Quincy Adams: 6th Prez; House of Rep. (MASS)
Presented petitions against slavery
Location of desk in the House  only spot one can hear clearly what is being whispered 15 yds. away
*gag resolutions (1836): Attempt to silence him
Elijah Lovejoy: Newspaper ed. in ILL
Killed by mob trying to protect presses
Became a martyr
Tappan Brothers: (NYC) Wealthy
importers & retail merchants
Gave money & leadership to
reform societies
Arthur Tappan helped fund the Underground Railroad

45. The South & Slavery – General Topics
Methodist & Baptist churches supported slavery; Unitarian did not; Catholic & Episcopalian remained neutral
Pro-slavery arguments
Violation of 1st Amendment U.S. Post Office orders destruction of anti-slavery mail
Northern economic dependence on South

46. Slave Rebellions in the Antebellum South
Gabriel Prosser 1800
1822

47. Slave Rebellions in the Antebellum South: Nat Turner, 1831

48. The Culture of Slavery
Black Christianity [Baptists or Methodists]: * more emotional worship services. * negro spirituals.
“Pidgin” or Gullah languages.
Nuclear family with extended kin links, where possible.
Importance of music in their lives. [esp. spirituals].

49. Southern Pro-Slavery Propaganda

50. The
Antebellum
South
Ch. 16 EU: In what ways and to what extent was industrial development from 1800 to 1860 a factor in the relationship between the northern and the southern states?