1. Arman Onart, Fatih Can Balcı, Muratcan Arslan, Fatih Kaya ITF212 - International Trade and Investment Lecturer: Assoc. Prof. Dr. Hasan Fehmi Baklacı 30 May 2013 Izmir University of Economics

2. A. Onart || F. C. Balcı || M. Arslan || F. Kaya The Organisation for Co-operation and Development International Trade and Finance, Izmir University of Economics OECD An Organisation of 30 member countries committed to democracy and the market economy A provider of comparative data, analysis and forecasts so that governments can: - compare policy experiences - seek answers to common problems - identify good practice - and co-ordinate domestic and international policies What is the OECD? 33 2 ITF212 – International Trade and Investment

3. Article 1 of the OECD Convention: Support economic growth Boost employment Raise living standards Maintain financial stability Assist other countries’ economic development Contribute to growth in world trade The OECD’s mission 33 3 ITF212 – International Trade and Investment A. Onart || F. C. Balcı || M. Arslan || F. Kaya The Organisation for Co-operation and Development International Trade and Finance, Izmir University of Economics OECD

4.  Tries to produce Internationally agreed instruments And decisions and recommendations  Focuses on economic and social issues like Macroeconomics International trade Education Development Science and Innovation  Provides comparative data, analysis and forecasts, obtained from member countries to help other members increase policy effectiveness The OECD: What is it? 33 4 ITF212 – International Trade and Investment A. Onart || F. C. Balcı || M. Arslan || F. Kaya The Organisation for Co-operation and Development International Trade and Finance, Izmir University of Economics OECD

5.  Databases:  OECD provides one of the world’s largest and most reliable sources of comparable statistical, economic and social data.  OECD databases span areas as diverse national accounts, economic indicators, trade, employment, migration, education, energy, health and the environment. The OECD: What is it? (cont’d) 33 5 ITF212 – International Trade and Investment A. Onart || F. C. Balcı || M. Arslan || F. Kaya The Organisation for Co-operation and Development International Trade and Finance, Izmir University of Economics OECD

6.  Secretariat:  Information, data and analysis provided by a secretariat in Paris.  The secretariat collects data, monitors trends, make analyses forecasts economic developments, researches social changes The OECD: What is it? (cont’d) 33 6 ITF212 – International Trade and Investment researches evolving patterns in trade, environment, agriculture, technology, taxation A. Onart || F. C. Balcı || M. Arslan || F. Kaya The Organisation for Co-operation and Development International Trade and Finance, Izmir University of Economics OECD

7.  Membership: is limited only by a country’s commitment to a market economy and a pluralistic democracy. It is rich, in that its 30 members produce almost 60% of the world’s goods and services, but it is by no means exclusive.  Non-members: are invited to subscribe to OECD agreements and treaties, and in exchange OECD shares expertise, data and analyses more than 70 countries worldwide, from Brazil, China and Russia to least developed countries in Africa. The OECD: What is it? (cont’d) 33 7 ITF212 – International Trade and Investment A. Onart || F. C. Balcı || M. Arslan || F. Kaya The Organisation for Co-operation and Development International Trade and Finance, Izmir University of Economics OECD

8. An organisation with global reach 33 8 ITF212 – International Trade and Investment OECD Member Countries A. Onart || F. C. Balcı || M. Arslan || F. Kaya The Organisation for Co-operation and Development International Trade and Finance, Izmir University of Economics OECD

9.  OECD grew out of the Organisation for European Economic Co- operation (OEEC) which was set up in 1948  OEEC was started to co-ordinate the Marshall Plan for the reconstruction of Europe after World War II  OECD was created in as a economic counterpart to NATO and took over from OEEC in 1961  Marshall Plan: Post-war European Aid Program The OECD: History 33 9 ITF212 – International Trade and Investment A. Onart || F. C. Balcı || M. Arslan || F. Kaya The Organisation for Co-operation and Development International Trade and Finance, Izmir University of Economics OECD

10.  Make markets work for a healthier environment  Use science and technology to benefit people everywhere  Cut wastage and pollution Our Environment 33 10 ITF212 – International Trade and Investment A. Onart || F. C. Balcı || M. Arslan || F. Kaya The Organisation for Co-operation and Development International Trade and Finance, Izmir University of Economics OECD

11.  Analyse and publish comparative data  Produce forecasts  Develop policies for growth and stability  Foster open markets  Encourage expansion of financial services  Promote cross-border investment  Share best practices Economics and Trade 33 11 ITF212 – International Trade and Investment A. Onart || F. C. Balcı || M. Arslan || F. Kaya The Organisation for Co-operation and Development International Trade and Finance, Izmir University of Economics OECD

12.  Ensure equal access to education for all  Promote effective and accessible health systems  Fight social exclusion and unemployment  Bridge the “digital divide“ between rich and poor Social Cohesion 33 12 ITF212 – International Trade and Investment A. Onart || F. C. Balcı || M. Arslan || F. Kaya The Organisation for Co-operation and Development International Trade and Finance, Izmir University of Economics OECD

13.  Promote effective public administration  Encourage companies to run their affairs better  Ensure transparent and fair tax systems  Foster fair competition  Fight corruption and money-laundering  Promote high ethical standards  Encourage citizen-participation in policy-making Governance 33 13 ITF212 – International Trade and Investment A. Onart || F. C. Balcı || M. Arslan || F. Kaya The Organisation for Co-operation and Development International Trade and Finance, Izmir University of Economics OECD

14.  Promote effective public administration  Encourage companies to run their affairs better  Ensure transparent and fair tax systems  Foster fair competition  Fight corruption and money-laundering  Promote high ethical standards  Encourage citizen-participation in policy-making Governance 33 14 ITF212 – International Trade and Investment A. Onart || F. C. Balcı || M. Arslan || F. Kaya The Organisation for Co-operation and Development International Trade and Finance, Izmir University of Economics OECD

15.  Three main bodies in OECD Council, Committees, Secretariat  Council: Holds the decision making power in OECD Made up of one representative from each member country plus a representative from European Commission Meets regularly and decisions are taken by consensus Meets once a year at the ministerial level to deicide on key issues and set priorities for OECD work The OECD: How it works 33 15 ITF212 – International Trade and Investment A. Onart || F. C. Balcı || M. Arslan || F. Kaya The Organisation for Co-operation and Development International Trade and Finance, Izmir University of Economics OECD

16.  Secretariat: Carries the work mandated by the Council Some 2 000 staff of the OECD secretariat in Paris work to support the activities of committees. Staff includes about 700 economists, lawyers, scientists and other professionals, mainly based in a dozen substantive directorates, who provide research and analysis. The secretariat is headed by a Secretary-General, assisted by four Deputy Secretaries-General. The OECD: How it works (cont’d) 33 16 ITF212 – International Trade and Investment A. Onart || F. C. Balcı || M. Arslan || F. Kaya The Organisation for Co-operation and Development International Trade and Finance, Izmir University of Economics OECD

17.  Secretariat: The OECD works in two official languages: English and French. Staff members are international civil servants No quota system for national representation The OECD: How it works (cont’d) 33 17 ITF212 – International Trade and Investment A. Onart || F. C. Balcı || M. Arslan || F. Kaya The Organisation for Co-operation and Development International Trade and Finance, Izmir University of Economics OECD

18.  Committees: Composed of representatives of the 30 member countries to advance ideas and review progress in specific policy areas, such as economics, trade, science, employment, education financial markets. There are around 200 committees, working groups, and expert groups in all Senior officials from national governments come to OECD committee meetings each year to request, review contribute to work undertaken by the OECD Secretariat. The OECD: How it works (cont’d) 33 18 ITF212 – International Trade and Investment A. Onart || F. C. Balcı || M. Arslan || F. Kaya The Organisation for Co-operation and Development International Trade and Finance, Izmir University of Economics OECD

19. Who drives the OECD’s work? 33 19 ITF212 – International Trade and Investment Council Oversight and strategic direction Representatives of member countries and of the European Commission; decisions taken by consensus Committees Discussion and implementation Representatives of member countries and of invited non-Members work with the OECD Secretariat on specific issues Secretariat Analysis and proposals Secretary-General Deputy Secretaries-General Directorates Annual budget: 336 million euros funded by member countries A. Onart || F. C. Balcı || M. Arslan || F. Kaya The Organisation for Co-operation and Development International Trade and Finance, Izmir University of Economics OECD

20.  Funded by its 30 member countries  National contributions to the annual budget are based on a formula related to the size of each member’s economy.  Some contributors to budget 1) United States 24.975% 2) Japan 17.467% 3) Germany 9.383 % 4) United Kingdom 7.206 % 5) France 6.716 % 20) Turkey 0.793 %  With the approval of the Council, countries may also make separate contributions to particular programs not funded from the main budget.  The size of budget – 336 mil euros in 2006, 330 mil euros in 2005 The OECD: Budget & Funding 33 20 ITF212 – International Trade and Investment A. Onart || F. C. Balcı || M. Arslan || F. Kaya The Organisation for Co-operation and Development International Trade and Finance, Izmir University of Economics OECD

21.  Unlike the World Bank or the IMF, the OECD is not a financing institution (do not give money)  OECD work starts with Data collection and analysis then Discussion of policy and decision making then Implementation  Mutual examination by governments, multilateral surveillance and peer pressure to conform the implementation of decisions The OECD: The Work 33 21 ITF212 – International Trade and Investment A. Onart || F. C. Balcı || M. Arslan || F. Kaya The Organisation for Co-operation and Development International Trade and Finance, Izmir University of Economics OECD

22.  Sometimes negotiations where OECD countries agree on rules of the game for international co-operation to culminate formal agreements or standards, for example on combating bribery, on export credits on capital movements, on international taxation on corporate governance on environmental practices, etc. The OECD: The Work 33 22 ITF212 – International Trade and Investment A. Onart || F. C. Balcı || M. Arslan || F. Kaya The Organisation for Co-operation and Development International Trade and Finance, Izmir University of Economics OECD

23. OECD’s Way of Working 33 23 ITF212 – International Trade and Investment Analysis Data Collection Discussion Peer reviews, multilateral surveillance Implementation Decisions A. Onart || F. C. Balcı || M. Arslan || F. Kaya The Organisation for Co-operation and Development International Trade and Finance, Izmir University of Economics OECD

24.  Sharing information and experience  Country and region-based co-operation programmes  Peer review and surveillance Working with Governments 33 24 ITF212 – International Trade and Investment A. Onart || F. C. Balcı || M. Arslan || F. Kaya The Organisation for Co-operation and Development International Trade and Finance, Izmir University of Economics OECD

25.  Consulting with business represented by the Business and Industry Advisory Committee  Consulting with labour represented by the Trade Union Advisory Committee  Expanding relations with civil society  Making information available to the public on www.oecd.org  Public comment always welcome! Working with civil society 33 25 ITF212 – International Trade and Investment A. Onart || F. C. Balcı || M. Arslan || F. Kaya The Organisation for Co-operation and Development International Trade and Finance, Izmir University of Economics OECD

26.  There are 16 directorates under secretariat Development Co-operation Directorate Economics Department Directorate for Education Directorate for Employment, Labour and Social Affairs Center for Entrepreneurship, SMEs and Local Development Environment Directorate Directorate for Food, Agriculture and Fisheries Directorate for Financial and Enterprise Affairs Public Affairs and Communications The OECD: Directorates 33 26 ITF212 – International Trade and Investment A. Onart || F. C. Balcı || M. Arslan || F. Kaya The Organisation for Co-operation and Development International Trade and Finance, Izmir University of Economics OECD

27. Public Governance and Territorial Development Directorate Center for Tax Policy and Administration Directorate for Science, Technology and Industry Trade Directorate Executive Directorate Center for Co-operation with Non-Members Statistics Directorate The OECD: Directorates (Cont.) 33 27 ITF212 – International Trade and Investment A. Onart || F. C. Balcı || M. Arslan || F. Kaya The Organisation for Co-operation and Development International Trade and Finance, Izmir University of Economics OECD

28.  There are 6 other organizations associated with OECD Development Center carries out comparative analysis of development issues and promotes informal policy dialogue with emerging and developing countries Non-OECD countries Brazil, Chile, India, Romania, South Africa and Thailand are members of the Centre Center for Educational Research and Innovation Investigates long-range trends and innovations in education The OECD: Associated Organizations 33 28 ITF212 – International Trade and Investment A. Onart || F. C. Balcı || M. Arslan || F. Kaya The Organisation for Co-operation and Development International Trade and Finance, Izmir University of Economics OECD

29. International Energy Agency Nuclear Energy Agency Sahel and West Africa Club supports the efforts of 17 African countries to define and implement medium and long-term development strategies for the region European Conference of Ministers of Transport an independant body linked to the OECD that deals with issues of improvement of all forms of transport. The OECD: Associated Organizations (Contd) 33 29 ITF212 – International Trade and Investment A. Onart || F. C. Balcı || M. Arslan || F. Kaya The Organisation for Co-operation and Development International Trade and Finance, Izmir University of Economics OECD

30. International Energy Agency: created after the 1974 oil crisis to co-ordinate energy policies. under the administrative umbrella of the OECD Secretariat but managed independently. Founded largely around the need for an emergency sharing system in case of energy disruptions, It produces monthly Oil Market Reports and an annual World Energy Outlook the 26-member IEA has a broad mandate to consider means of improving energy supply enhancing efficient energy use integrating energy and environmental policies opening dialogue between energy producers and consumers within and beyond its own membership. The OECD: Associated Organizations (Contd) 33 30 ITF212 – International Trade and Investment A. Onart || F. C. Balcı || M. Arslan || F. Kaya The Organisation for Co-operation and Development International Trade and Finance, Izmir University of Economics OECD

31. Nuclear Energy Agency: specialised agency within the OECD. helps its 28 members to maintain and develop, through international co- operation, the scientific, technological and legal bases required for the safe, environmentally friendly and economical use of nuclear energy for peaceful purposes. address issues like: nuclear safety and regulation; radioactive waste management; radiological protection and public health; nuclear science; economics, resources and technology; and legal affairs. The OECD: Associated Organizations (Contd) 33 31 ITF212 – International Trade and Investment A. Onart || F. C. Balcı || M. Arslan || F. Kaya The Organisation for Co-operation and Development International Trade and Finance, Izmir University of Economics OECD

32.  Anti-Bribery Convention  Polluter-Pays Principle (PPP)  Principles of Corporate Governance  Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises  Anti-spam Task force  Co-operation programmes with China, Russia and Brazil  MENA Initiative on Governance and Investment for Development in the Middle East and North Africa  Export Credit Arrangement  Model Tax Convention Some OECD achievements 33 32 ITF212 – International Trade and Investment A. Onart || F. C. Balcı || M. Arslan || F. Kaya The Organisation for Co-operation and Development International Trade and Finance, Izmir University of Economics OECD

33. THANK YOU FOR LISTENING Some OECD achievements 33 ITF212 – International Trade and Investment A. Onart || F. C. Balcı || M. Arslan || F. Kaya The Organisation for Co-operation and Development International Trade and Finance, Izmir University of Economics OECD