1. Non-experimental Quantitative Research Designs (NEQDs)

2. What Are They? A research design in which the researcher measures or observes subjects or variables without attempting to introduce a treatment.

3. How Could I Use NEQDs for Program Evaluation ?  Explore the relationship(s) between two or more variables or elements of a program.  Use the knowledge of two correlated variables to inform practice or program revisions and implementation.  NEQDs can require the usage of an underling theory to explain or interpret correlations.  Control variables are then employed to further rule out the effects of extraneous variables on the variables that a theory may have causally linked.

4. Types of NEQD Structural Equation Modeling Path Analysis, Factor Analysis Multiple Regression Simple Regression

5. Examples

6. Examples (Simple Regression) +0.75 +0.33 +0.68 +0.52

7. Examples (Multiple Regression) +0.78 +0.12

8. Examples (Multiple Regression).55.12

9. What if We Want More? What tools are available to analyze systems with multiple (and possible causal) relationships?

10. A Little More…Path Analysis

12. Advantages Allows for: – the study of independent variables over which the research cannot have any control. – the manipulation of variables in theory that cannot often be manipulated in practice. – the study of variables as they exist.

13. Disadvantages  Determining causality and/or the direction of causality.  Mutual causality  Selection bias  Spurious Correlations