1. Pollution and Scarcity
The Future of Water
Pollution and Scarcity

2. The Problem World population is growing exponentially
Water scarcity and widespread water pollution
Death by water-borne diseases increasing
Lack of sanitation and increased risk of drought

3. World Population Growth
8.9 billion people by 2050
Two-thirds world population to live in water-stressed countries by 2025
Water resources to become even more strained

4. Pollution and Scarcity
Water consumption on the rise as population grows
Water pollution getting worse in some areas
Over 4,000 km3 of water is consumed per year (14+% of it by the U.S.)
70% of water consumed by agriculture

5. Diseases
Over 5 million people die every year from water-borne diseases

6. Lack of Sanitation and Drought Increase
Waste going into World’s water supply
Health risk increasing as a result
Parts of world lack access to fresh and safe water
Droughts increasing as a result of surge in water use

7. Lack of Sanitation and Drought Increase (Cont.)

8. Examples of the Problems

9. Population Affect
Population is having a drastic affect on water and its scarcity.
More water is needed all over the world as population has doubled in the last 40 years.
As need for water has risen, more water is becoming contaminated.

10. Water Scarcity
As result of population and wastage of water, water is becoming scarce.
There are a lot of droughts happening around the world, causing rivers and lakes to dry up.

11. Possible Future
A picture of what is happening and will happen in other places…
Many places are already in these dire conditions (Africa).
With many lands like these, food will be scarce.

13. Water Pollution Pollution is probably the main issue involving water.
Every year 14 billions of sewage, sludge, and garbage are dumped into the oceans.
19 trillion gallons of waste also enter the water every year.

14. The Causes of Water Pollution

15. -runoffs from agriculture-
Main Causes
-Oil Pollution-
-Littering-
-Industrial waste-
-runoffs from agriculture-

16. Distribution of pollution

17. Oil Pollution

18. Oil Pollution
Oil spills make up about 12% of the oil that enters the ocean. The rest come from shipping travel, drains and dumping.

19. Oil Pollution
When there’s an oil spill, the oil floats on top of the water, suffocating all the fish living near the top of the ocean.
Oil spills are very difficult and expensive to clean up and can take up weeks to clean up, and it is impossible

20. Littering

21. Littering Recently, littering became a huge problem.
Instead of the garbage being recycled or put in a landfill, it ends up floating in the water.
The problem is that this trash can take centuries to degrade.

22. Some of the common items:
Newspaper – Takes 6 weeks to degrade.
Photodegradable packaging – 6 weeks
Foam – Takes 50 years to degrade.
Styrofoam – Takes 80 years to degrade.
Aluminum – Takes 200 years to degrade.
Plastic packaging – Takes 400 years to degrade.
Glass – practically never.

23. Industrial Waste

24. Industrial Waste
Many factories dump their chemical waste into nearby rivers and oceans.

25. The Chemicals Include:
Asbestos -Asbestos fibers can cause illnesses such as asbestosis, intestinal cancer and liver cancer.
Lead – Very harmful for humans and animals. Lead is non-biodegradable and lead pollution is very hard to clean up
Mercury – Can lead to poisoning. It is also non-biodegradable and almost impossible clean up completely.

26. The Chemicals Include:
Sulfur – sulfur is one of the most harmful chemicals for marine life.
Different types of oil, which form a layer over the water, and prevents the access of sunlight and oxygen for all underwater living things

28. Agricultural Waste
Pesticides and fertilizers are used to grow almost all crops in the US and other nations.
when it rains, or the crops get watered, all of those chemicals go into the earth. Once they go underground, the end up in the groundwater, which eventually fall into rivers.

29. Agricultural Waste
The most common types of chemicals contained in the fertilizers are phosphates and nitrates.
The phosphates and nitrates dramatically increase the amount of life in the water. Because of such a vast increase, this leads to shortage of food and oxygen.

30. Solutions To Water Pollution And Scarcity

31. Sewage and industrial waste enters America through Mexican border.

32. Water Scarcity Options
As the population and economy begin to grow even more rapidly, there is a need for better management options.
Some of these options include: improving irrigation and farming practices, storing water for future use, getting rid of all water pollution , reusing water, and limit or conserve the amount of water each person is allowed to use.

33. Pollution of Rivers and Oceans are mainly caused by…

34. Water Pollution Solutions
Although people think industries contribute to the most water pollution, most of it is sewage, agricultural, and about ten percent is from industrial factories.
Many ways can help agricultural pollutants from being extracted into the water.
These are the ways we can help reduce nonpoint pollution:
Reduce the need for fertilizer by planting crops that absorb nitrogen from the atmosphere. Legumes such as soybeans contain specialized bacteria that "fix" atmospheric nitrogen, converting it into usable nitrates. These legumes can be planted alternately with normal crops.

35. Water Pollution Solutions
Plant buffer zones between agricultural fields and nearby surface water. These zones prevent fertilizer from entering the water and causing eutrophication.
Reduce harmful pesticide runoff by applying pesticides as sparingly as possible.
Control runoff of animal wastes by locating grazing areas on flat land that is removed from surface water and flood zones.
Reduce soil erosion and flooding through reforestation of watersheds

36. Water Pollution Solutions
Point pollution can be defined as the major sources of pollution from mechanical, chemical, and natural methods.
Point pollution can be controlled by:
Requiring industries to remove all hazardous wastes from water sent to sewage treatment plants.
Encourage industries to reduce toxic chemical use and waste through cleaner production.
Encourage the use of less harmful household chemicals.

37. What is currently happening to our rivers and streams.

38. The U.N. role
The U.N. has hosted several forums to try to find solutions to the current water crisis
Recommends that people use 50 liters of water per day
Has made publications of works concerning what should be done
Has tried to make several initiatives to try to solve water crisis

39. Personal Solutions

40. What We Can Do We can take shorter showers.
We can water our lawns less.
Try not to waste any type of drink (Water, Juice, etc.).
Keep hands cleaner, to not waste as much water.
We use six times more water per person here in the U.S., than in Switzerland and nearly nine times more than Botswana!

41. Personal Solutions
Avoid drinking more than what is necessary as defined by the U.N.
Grow drought-resistant crops
Demand reduction of water pollution
Restore wetlands
Use low-pressure sprinklers
Drip irrigation
Trapping rainfall, shower water, etc. in large containers