1. Chapter 3
Socialization

2. Socialization
Lifelong social experiences by which individuals develop their human potential and learn culture
Personality – a person’s fairly consistent patterns of thinking, feeling, and acting
Self – a dimension of personality composed of an individual’s self-awareness and self image

3. Sigmund Freud’s Personality Model
Id – the human being’s basic drives
Ego – a person’s conscious efforts to balance innate pleasure-seeking drives with the demands of society
Superego – the operation of culture within the individual

4. Jean Piaget – Stages of Cognitive Development
1st stage – sensorimotor – level of human development in which individuals experience the world only through sensory contact
2nd stage – preoperational – individuals first use language and other symbols

5. Jean Piaget – Stages of Cognitive Development
3rd stage – concrete operational – individuals first perceive causal connections in their surroundings
4th stage – formal operational – individuals think abstractly and critically

6. George Herbert Mead Mead’s theory on the social self includes:
Self develops with social experience
Social experience is exchange of symbols
Understanding by taking role of other
No biological element involved, self is social
Stages of self
1st stage – Preparatory stage – children imitate people around them
2nd stage – Play stage – role taking – mentally assuming the perspective of another
3rd stage – Game stage – can consider tasks and relationships simultaneously

7. Erik Erikson 8 stages of development
Stage 1 – Infancy – trust vs. distrust
Stage 2 – Toddlerhood – autonomy vs. doubt and shame
Stage 3 – Preschool – Initiative vs. guilt
Stage 4 – Pre-Adolescence – industriousness vs. inferiority

8. Erik Erikson Stage 5 – Adolescence – identity vs. confusion
Stage 6 – Young Adulthood – intimacy vs. isolation
Stage 7 – Middle Adulthood – making a difference vs. self-absorption
Stage 8 – Old Age – integrity vs. despair

9. Charles Horton Cooley
Looking glass self – we learn who we are by interacting with others
Imagine how we are presenting ourselves
Imagine how people are evaluating us
Form opinions about ourselves based on our perceptions

10. Agents of Socialization
Family – the most important agent of socialization
Peer groups
School
Media

11. Forced Socialization
Anticipatory socialization – social learning geared toward gaining a desired position
Resocialization – altering personality through deliberate control of the environment
Total institution – all aspects of a person’s life are under one authority