1. chapter McGraw-Hill © 2006 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. CHAPTER OUTLINE Factors that influence personality The Social SelfThe Social Self Agents of Socialization 5 SOCIALIZATION

2. McGraw-Hill © 2006 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 4-2 5-1 Nature v Nurture –Interaction of heredity and environment shape human development –Parents must concern themselves with children’s social development as well

3. McGraw-Hill © 2006 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 4-3 Factors influencing personality █ Heredity █ Birth Order █ Parents █ Culture

4. McGraw-Hill © 2006 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 4-4 Factors Influencing Personality █ Heredity or Environment? –Studies of Identical Twins Intelligence tests show: Similar scores when twins are reared apart in roughly similar social settings Quite different scores when twins are reared apart in dramatically different social settings

5. McGraw-Hill © 2006 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 4-5 Parents

6. McGraw-Hill © 2006 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 4-6 Parents Hands off or on

7. McGraw-Hill © 2006 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 4-7 Impact of Isolation –Shyness / Introversion / Anti-social –The “forbidden experiment”

8. McGraw-Hill © 2006 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 4-8 The story of “Genie” What happens when someone has NO socialization? Nature: Wouldn’t matter Nurture: Serious problems Video Clip of Genie

9. McGraw-Hill © 2006 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 4-9 Institutionalization █ Lack of social interaction in these facilities have shown to create social and psychological developmental delays.

10. McGraw-Hill © 2006 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 4-10 Isolation –Appalachian Mountain regions

11. McGraw-Hill © 2006 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 4-11 5-2 The Social Self █ Socialization: interactive process by which people learn the skills, beliefs, values, etc of their culture. █ “Self”: distinct identity that sets us apart from others

12. McGraw-Hill © 2006 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 4-12 The Social Self - Theories █ John Locke’s Tabula Rasa –Human are born with a clean slate (no personality) –Their upbringing fills the slate through socialization

13. McGraw-Hill © 2006 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 4-13 The Social Self - Theories Charles Cooley: Looking-Glass Self We learn who we are by interacting with others Our view of ourselves (good & bad) comes from impressions of how we think others perceive us The self is the product of our social interactions with other people

14. McGraw-Hill © 2006 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 4-14 Looking-Glass Self

15. McGraw-Hill © 2006 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 4-15 Looking-Glass Self Image

16. McGraw-Hill © 2006 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 4-16 Looking-Glass Self Image Signals / Messages

17. McGraw-Hill © 2006 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 4-17 Looking-Glass Self Image Signals / Messages Smart Dumb Ugly Pretty Weird Etc.

18. McGraw-Hill © 2006 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 4-18 Looking-Glass Self OMG ! I’m ugly.

19. McGraw-Hill © 2006 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 4-19 The Social Self - Theories Role Taking: process of mentally assuming the perspective of another Generalized Others: attitudes, viewpoints, and expectations of society as a whole that child takes into account Significant Others: Individuals most important in the development of the self █ George Herbert Mead: Role Taking

20. McGraw-Hill © 2006 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 4-20 The Social Self - Theories Continued... Prep/Imitation Stage: children imitate people around them. █ Mead: Role Taking Stages

21. McGraw-Hill © 2006 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 4-21 The Social Self - Theories Continued... Play Stage: children develop skills in communicating through symbols and role taking. (Ex. cops & robbers) █ Mead: Role Taking Stages

22. McGraw-Hill © 2006 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 4-22 The Social Self - Theories Continued... Game Stage: children of about 8 or 9 consider several actual tasks and relationships simultaneously (Ex. Boss) █ Mead: Role Taking Stages

23. McGraw-Hill © 2006 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 4-23 5-3 Agents of Socialization –Role of family in socializing a child cannot be overestimated –Cultural Influences –The Impact of Race and Gender █ Family

24. McGraw-Hill © 2006 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 4-24 Agents of Socialization –As children grow older, peer groups increasingly assume the role of Mead’s significant others. █ Peer Group

25. McGraw-Hill © 2006 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 4-25 Agents of Socialization –Schools teach children values and customs of the larger society –Schools traditionally socialized children into conventional gender roles █ School

26. McGraw-Hill © 2006 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 4-26 Agents of Socialization –Changing norms / values –Sex –Violence –Multitasking –Keep up w/Jones’ –Internet █ Mass Media and Technology

27. McGraw-Hill © 2006 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 4-27 Agents of Socialization –Learning to behave appropriately within occupational setting is fundamental aspect of human socialization Level of teenage employment in U.S. is highest among industrial nations █ Workplace

28. McGraw-Hill © 2006 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 4-28 Agents of Socialization

29. McGraw-Hill © 2006 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 4-29 Agents of Socialization –The family’s protective function steadily transferred to outside agencies in 20 th century –“The state” took over many of the traditional family functions █ The Government

30. McGraw-Hill © 2006 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 4-30 Socialization and the Life Course █ ReSocialization –Total Institution: institution—prison, military, mental hospital, or convent—that regulates all aspects of a person’s life under a single authority