1. 20 – 24 October, 2014 4 th Intl. ChArMEx workshop, Trieste, Italy 1/18 Variability of Mediterranean aerosols properties at three regional background sites in the western Mediterranean Basin Michaël Sicard Remote Sensing Lab., Dept. of Signal Theory and Communications Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Barcelona msicard@tsc.upc.edu Presented at SPIE Remote Sensing 2014

2. 20 – 24 October, 2014 4 th Intl. ChArMEx workshop, Trieste, Italy 2/18 Co-authors  J. Totems, F. Dulac, P. Chazette ●[IPSL/LSCE, Gif-sur-Yvette, France]  R. Barragan, A. Comerón, F. Rocadenbosch ●[RSLab/UPC, Barcelona, Spain]  M. Mallet, J.-F. Léon ●[LA, Toulouse, France]  L. Alados-Arboledas, F. J. Olmo ●[UGR/IISTA-CEAMA, Granada, Spain]  P. Augustin ●[LPCA, Dunkerque, France]  J.-B. Renard ●[LPCE, Orléans, France]

3. 20 – 24 October, 2014 4 th Intl. ChArMEx workshop, Trieste, Italy 3/18 Objectives  Put in evidence in the WMB: ●SW–NE gradients ●Influence of local sources ●Influence of the nearby continents  Provide some some inputs to ChArMEx questions on the: ●Contribution of long range transport on the local air quality ●Ageing of continental air masses above the Basin WMB

4. 20 – 24 October, 2014 4 th Intl. ChArMEx workshop, Trieste, Italy 4/18 Sites and instruments Balearic Islands Corsica ~620 km SW NE AERONET: 6/11-1/12 AERONET: 2011-2013

5. 20 – 24 October, 2014 4 th Intl. ChArMEx workshop, Trieste, Italy 5/18 AOD at 440 nm and AE 440-870 Ersa Palma Alborán AOD - Hourly variations 2011-2013 AOD - Monthly average AE 440-870 - Monthly average 0,2 0,25

6. 20 – 24 October, 2014 4 th Intl. ChArMEx workshop, Trieste, Italy 6/18 Size distribution & coarse mode fraction SD - Seasonal variations ErsaPalmaAlborán Coarse mode fraction - Monthly average 0,51 0,21 0,35

7. 20 – 24 October, 2014 4 th Intl. ChArMEx workshop, Trieste, Italy 7/18 AAOD ErsaPalmaAlborán AAOD - Seasonal variations  AAOD decreases with increasing wavelength  Summer means similar at Ersa and Alborán  It is double at Palma (→ pollutants from the nearby city of Palma de Mallorca?) 0,016 0,043 0,019

8. 20 – 24 October, 2014 4 th Intl. ChArMEx workshop, Trieste, Italy 8/18 Real and imaginary part of the RI ErsaPalmaAlborán 1,44 RRI - Seasonal variations IRI - Seasonal variations 2,2 4,7 1,5 IRI decreases with increasing λ → behavior typical of Brown Carbon [Moosmüller et al., JQRST2009]

9. 20 – 24 October, 2014 4 th Intl. ChArMEx workshop, Trieste, Italy 9/18 SSA and asymmetry factor SSA - Seasonal variations Asymmetry factor - Seasonal variations 0,92<SSA 440 <0,98 → the 3 sites are moderately absorbing SSA increases with increasing λ → behavior typical of mineral dust [Dubovik et al., JAS2002] ErsaPalmaAlborán 0,96 0,92 0,97 0,69 0,74

10. 20 – 24 October, 2014 4 th Intl. ChArMEx workshop, Trieste, Italy 10/18 Radiative forcing and forcing efficiency  Correction applied accordingly to García et al. (JGR2008) at the surface: The relationship comes from systematic comparisons between AERONET estimations and ground-based meas. from solar databases.

11. 20 – 24 October, 2014 4 th Intl. ChArMEx workshop, Trieste, Italy 11/18 Radiative forcing and forcing efficiency Solar RF – Monthly averages Solar FE – Monthly averages ErsaPalmaAlborán Max:-40 Max:-43 Max:-80 Min:-195 Min:-194 Min:-180 Mineral dust in Lampedusa (Di Biagio et al., JGR2010): -36 -64 -136 -247

12. 20 – 24 October, 2014 4 th Intl. ChArMEx workshop, Trieste, Italy 12/18 1 case study Dust outbreak over the WMB: 13-22 June 2013 MSG/SEVIRI-derived daily mean AOD at 550 nm (from http://www.icare.univ- lille1.fr/msg/browse) illustrating the SW-NE transport pathway of African dust over the western Mediterraneanhttp://www.icare.univ- lille1.fr/msg/browse

13. 20 – 24 October, 2014 4 th Intl. ChArMEx workshop, Trieste, Italy 13/18 Context Field campaign (10 June – 5 July 2013) in the framework of:  ChArMEx WP4 (radiative budget and climate impact)  ADRIMED (Aerosol Direct Radiative Impact on the regional climate in the MEDiterranean region)  2 supersites and 4 secondary sites  Sun-photometers ●Ersa (Corsica) and Cap d’en Font (Menorca), among others  Lidars ●Macinaggio (Corsica) and Cap d’en Font, among others

14. 20 – 24 October, 2014 4 th Intl. ChArMEx workshop, Trieste, Italy 14/18 AOD and AE AOD 440 and AE 440-870 Corsica Menorca 0,4 0,5

15. 20 – 24 October, 2014 4 th Intl. ChArMEx workshop, Trieste, Italy 15/18 Solar RF and FE Instantaneous RF Corsica Menorca -48 -59 -33 -38 Max BOA 7UT on 17J Max TOA 16UT on 19J Part depol ratio [%] 13UT on 20 June

16. 20 – 24 October, 2014 4 th Intl. ChArMEx workshop, Trieste, Italy 16/18 Diameter Num. conc. Speciation index Num. conc. Speciation index Number concentration Equipped with LOAC sondes (Renard et al., AMT2014) Meteorological balloons Launched from Menorca at 10:09 on 19JLaunched from Menorca at 13:41 on 19J Altitude [km] Ø>30µm at 2-3 km Ø>30µm at 3-4 km Ø>6µm MD

17. 20 – 24 October, 2014 4 th Intl. ChArMEx workshop, Trieste, Italy 17/18 Summary  AOD, particle size distribution, RF and FE show a clear annual cycle.  AE, coarse mode fraction, RF and FE show a SW-NE gradient.  Products such as AAOD, RRI, IRI, SSA and the asymmetry factor are subject to local sources and processes  The case study shows that those variations are highly dependent on the synoptic conditions See also poster from Barragan et al.!