1. WHAT YOU WILL LEARN 7.4 CELLULAR TRANSPORT
-process of diffusion, facilitated diffusion, and active transport
-effect of hypotonic, hypertonic, and isotonic solutions on a cell
-how large particles enter and exit the cell

2. MAIN IDEA: -cellular transport moves substances in and out of a cell
7.4 READING Q’s
MAIN IDEA:
-cellular transport moves substances in and out of a cell

3. 7.4 READING Q’s 2-DEFINE the meaning of each root word-
1-EXPLAIN the basic function of the transport protein in facilitated diffusion.
-molecules pass through the transport
protein to MOVE from area of HIGH
concentration to area of LOW concentration
2-DEFINE the meaning of each root word-
-ISO: _______________
-HYPER: _______________
-HYPO: _______________
EQUAL / SAME
MORE / HIGH
LESS / LOW

4. 7.4 READING Q’s
3-EXPLAIN
why is the cell at equilibrium in an isotonic solution?
 -concentration in its cytoplasm is the same as the concentration in the outside environment.
4-ANALYZE
why does water move into a cell placed in a hypotonic solution?
-There is MORE water OUTSIDE a cell than inside

5. 7.4 READING Q’s
5-IDENTIFY the cell structure through which substances pass as they leave the cell during exocytosis. -PLASMA MEMBRANE

6. COOPERATIVE GROUP: GUIDED NOTES
-As a GROUP complete the guided note using your knowledge from the reading.

7. COOPERATIVE LEARNING
LAB GROUP(3-5 students) -working TOGETHER as a cooperative group to COMPLETE TASK -EVERY TEAM MEMBER has a job and participates EQUALLY 1-READ THROUGH EACH TASK (silently or together) 2-DISCUSS (use POSITIVE communication) 3-ANSWER AND MARK THE TEXT 4-MOVE ON (only when ALL team members understand) QUESTIONS ?’s -each other CLARIFICATION -Asking Mrs. Paepke for clarification NOT answers. FYI -discussion within COLORED group ONLY

8. Movement across the Cell Membrane
7.4 CELLULAR TRANSPORT
Movement across the Cell Membrane

9.  VOCABULARY
WRITE the correct vocabulary term in the left column for each definition below:
1-process by which plasma membrane surrounds a substance outside the cell - moves it inside the cell
-____________________
2-movement of substances from a region of lower concentration to a region of higher concentration
-_____________________
3-net movement of particles from an area where there are many particles to an area of few particles
ENDOCYTOSIS
ACTIVE TRANSPORT
DIFFUSION

10.  VOCABULARY
4-process by which plasma membrane surrounds a substance inside the cell - moves it outside the cell
-_____________________
5-diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane
6-transport that uses transport proteins to move ions & small molecules across the plasma membrane
7-condition in which there is continuous movement but no overall change in concentration
EXOCYTOSIS
OSMOSIS
FACILITATED DIFFUSION
DYNAMIC EQUALIBRIUM

11.  DIFFUSION movement from high  low concentration
-net movement of particles from area where there are MANY particles of substance to area where there are FEWER particles of the substances
movement from high  low concentration
Movement from high concentration of that substance to low concentration of that substance.

12.  DIFFUSION -particles of solids, liquids, gases in constant motion
-random motion where particles move to areas that are less crowded (less concentrated)
-HIGH concentration  LOW concentration
-like flowing DOWNHILL /requires NO ENERGY
REPHRASE the process of diffusion in your own words- -
PROVIDE an example of diffusion-

13. MODEL diffusion

14. concentration temperature pressure  DIFFUSION
EXPLAIN: rate of diffusion -how fast or slow particles diffuse—move LIST 3 characteristics that affect the rate of diffusion [in boxes below] CIRCLE the arrow that shows if the rate speeds up / slows down:
concentration
temperature
pressure

15. DIFFUSION across plasma membrane
MOST molecules cannot diffuse across membrane
-FACILITATED DIFFUSION
-use TRANSPORT PROTEINS
CHANNEL proteins
-open & close to allow substances to diffuse across plasma membrane
CARRIER proteins
-change shape to help move particles thru plasma membrane

16.  OSMOSIS: DIFFUSION OF WATER
WATER can diffuse across the plasma membrane
movement of water

17.  OSMOSIS: DIFFUSION OF WATER
COMPLETE
the table by  checking the correct columns for each description:
DESCRIPTION
ISO
HYPO
HYPER
1-solution that has the same osmotic concentration
as a cell’s cytoplasm
2-solution that causes a cell to shrivel
3-solution that causes a cell to swell
4-solution that neither shrinks nor swells a cell
5-solution in which there is more water outside the cell than
inside the cell
6-solution that causes water to move out of a cell

18. CONCENTRATION OF WATER
-Direction of osmosis is determined by comparing total solute concentrations
Hypertonic - MORE solute, LESS water
Hypotonic - LESS solute, MORE water
Isotonic - EQUAL solute, EQUAL water
hypotonic
hypertonic
water
net movement of water

19. OSMOSIS: managing water balance
Cell survival depends on balancing water uptake & loss
Cell SWELLS when placed in HYPOTONIC solution
Cell shows NO CHANGE when placed in ISOTONIC solution
Cell SHRIVELS when placed in HYPERTONIC solution

20.  OSMOSIS: DIFFUSION OF WATER
EXPLAIN
dynamic equilibrium & how it relates to the movement of water in & out of cells:
concentration balances
movement continues = equal in both directions
 = 
 NO overall change

21.  OSMOSIS: DIFFUSION OF WATER
SUMMARIZE the relationship between water & the plasma membrane by completing the concept chart
Flow of water helps CREATE & MAINTAIN homeostasis
Water flows from HIGH to LOW concentration
OSMOSIS is
diffusion of water across plasma membrane
Water moves IN & OUT of the cell
HOMEOSTASIS is regulation of cell’s internal environment

22. CLASSIFY/SUMMARIZE the 5 ways particles move through the membrane.
 TRANSPORT SUMMARY
CLASSIFY/SUMMARIZE the 5 ways particles move through the membrane.
NO ENERGY / HIGH LOW
/ osmosis
ENERGY / LOW HIGH

23. PASSIVE TRANSPORT DIFFUSION/ OSMOSIS
-high  low concentration gradient
FACILITATED TRANSPORT
-through a protein channel

24. FACILITATED DIFFUSION
-Diffusion through PROTEIN CHANNELS
-channels move specific molecules across cell membrane
-NO ENERGY needed
facilitated = with help
open channel = fast transport
high
low
Donuts!
Each transport protein is specific as to the substances that it will translocate (move).
For example, the glucose transport protein in the liver will carry glucose from the blood to the cytoplasm, but not fructose, its structural isomer.
Some transport proteins have a hydrophilic channel that certain molecules or ions can use as a tunnel through the membrane -- simply provide corridors allowing a specific molecule or ion to cross the membrane.
These channel proteins allow fast transport.
For example, water channel proteins, aquaporins, facilitate massive amounts of diffusion.
“The Bouncer”

25. ACTIVE TRANSPORT Active transport
-diffusion against concentration gradient
-low  high
-uses a protein pump
-requires ENERGY  ATP (adenosine triphosphate)
ATP

26. ACTIVE TRANSPORT “The Doorman”
-Cells may need to move molecules against concentration gradient
-shape change transports solute from one side of membrane to other
-protein “pump”
-“costs” energy = ATP
low
high
Some transport proteins do not provide channels but appear to actually translocate the solute-binding site and solute across the membrane as the protein changes shape. These shape changes could be triggered by the binding and release of the transported molecule. This is model for active transport.
ATP
“The Doorman”

27. SODIUM/POTASSIUM PUMP
SEE WEBSITE

28. Many models & mechanisms
ACTIVE TRANSPORT
Many models & mechanisms
ATP
ATP
Plants: nitrate & phosphate pumps in roots.
Why?
Nitrate for amino acids
Phosphate for DNA & membranes
Not coincidentally these are the main constituents of fertilizer
Supplying these nutrients to plants
Replenishing the soil since plants are depleting it
antiport
symport

29. facilitated diffusion
TRANSPORT SUMMARY
simple diffusion
facilitated diffusion
ATP
active transport

30. ENDOCYTOSIS / EXOCYTOSIS
-Moving large molecules into & out of cell
-through vesicles & vacuoles
ENDOCYTOSIS
-phagocytosis (cellular drinking)
-pinocytosis (cellular eating)
EXOCYTOSIS

31. ENDOCYTOSIS/EXOCYTOSIS
-Transports particles too large to move thru pm
ENDOCYTOSIS:
cell engulfs
materials with a portion of cell’s
membrane & releases the contents
into cell
requires ENERGY
FOOD MOLECULES
EXOCYTOSIS:
membrane surrounds
materials in cell, attaches to membrane,
expels material to surrounding environment
requires ENERGY
WASTE PRODUCTS
ATP
ATP

32. Exocytosis Endocytosis
Exocytosis (molecules “exit” the cell.)
Ex: Waste products
Endocytosis (substances “enter” the cell).
Ex: Food molecules

33. ENDOCYTOSIS “cellular eating” fuse with lysosome for digestion
phagocytosis
“cellular drinking”
non-specific process
pinocytosis

34. EXOCYTOSIS

35. CONNECT
1-diffusion
-walking through entryway with streamers
2-facilitated diffusion
-taking escalator
3-active transport
-entering subway gate with ticket
4-exocytosis
-taking out garbage
5-endocytosis
-receiving shipping

36. WEBSITE VIDEOS SODIUM POTASSIUM PUMP ENDOCYTOSIS/EXOCYTOSIS