1. Cell Processes Movement Across Cell Membrane Photosynthesis Cellular Respiration

2. Transporting/Moving Substances Across the Cell Membrane

3. Cell Membrane Regulates what enters and exits the cell Provides protection and support Semi-permeable – allows small substances through and keeps larger substances out Cell Membrane is made of lipids and proteins

4. Types of Movement through the Cell Membrane Active Transport Passive Transport

5. Diffusion – substance moving from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration Concentration means the amount substance in a given area No energy required

6. Passive Transport Osmosis – diffusion of water through the cell membrane

7. Effects of Osmosis Water will move in the direction where there is a high concentration of solute (low concentration of water ) Salt Sucks – Salt is a solute, when it is concentrated inside or outside the cell, it will draw the water in its direction. This is also why you get thirsty after eating something salty.

8. Effects of Osmosis

9. Isotonic Solution If the concentration of solute (salt) is equal on both sides, the water will move back in forth but it won't have any result on the overall amount of water on either side. "ISO" means the same

10. Hypotonic Solution The word "HYPO" means less, in this case there are less solute (salt) molecules outside the cell, since salt sucks, water will move into the cell. The cell will gain water and grow larger. In plant cells, the central vacuoles will fill and the plant becomes stiff and rigid, the cell wall keeps the plant from bursting

11. Hypertonic Solution The word "HYPER" means more, in this case there are more solute (salt) molecules outside the cell, which causes the water to be sucked in that direction. In plant cells, the central vacuole loses water and the cells shrink, causing wilting. In animal cells, the cells also shrink. In both cases, the cell may die.

12. Active Transport Movement through a membrane that requires energy

13. Photosynthesis

14. AUTOTROPHS Living things depend on energy to exist. Organisms that make the own food are autotrophs Plants and some other types of organisms are able to use the light energy from the sun to produce food.

15. Photosynethesis The process that coverts inorganic substances, CO 2 and H 2 O, using the sun’s energy into an organic substance called glucose, C 6 H 12 O 6 and a waste product,O 2.

16. Chlorophyll – plants principal pigment that absorbs sunlight

17. PHOTOSYNTHESIS EQUATION

23. FACTORS THAT EFFECT PHOTOSYNTHESIS AMOUNT OF WATER TEMPERATURE INTENISTY OF LIGHT

24. CELLULAR RESPIRATION

25. Cellular Respiration Define cellular respiration A process that releases energy by breaking down food molecules in the presence of oxygen Plants make their own food (photosynthesis) and animals (heterotroph) must obtain their own food. Both plant and animal cells must undergo cellular respiration Process occurs in the mitochondria

26. Chemical Equation for Cellular Respiration The equation is the opposite of photosynthesis.

27. CHEMICAL ENERGY AND ATP The activities of the cell are powered by chemical fuels. One of the principal chemical compounds that living things use to store energy is Adenine Triphosphate – ATP.

28. ATP One glucose molecule breaks down into about 36 ATP molecules ATP is a fully charged battery, ready to power the machinery of the cell.

29. Energy Cells use energy for –Active transport –Movement within the cell –Activities in the cell