1. Copyright © 1998 The McGraw-Hill Companies. All Rights Reserved.

2. Psychosocial Development in Early Childhood Chapter Seven

3. Copyright © 1998 The McGraw-Hill Companies. All Rights Reserved. I.The Developing Self A.Self-Definition: A Neo-Piagetian View 1.Single Representations 2.Representational Mappings 3.Representational Systems

4. Copyright © 1998 The McGraw-Hill Companies. All Rights Reserved. B.Understanding Emotions 1.Emotions Directed Toward the Self 2.Simultaneous Emotions C.Initiative versus Guilt 1.Crisis 2.Virtue of Purpose D.Self-Esteem

5. Copyright © 1998 The McGraw-Hill Companies. All Rights Reserved. II.Play: The Business of Early Childhood A.Types of Play 1.Social and Nonsocial Play 2.Cognitive Play B.How Culture Influences Play

6. Copyright © 1998 The McGraw-Hill Companies. All Rights Reserved. III.Gender A.Gender Differences 1.How Different Are Girls and Boys in Abilities and Personality? 2.How Differently Do Boys and Girls Play?

7. Copyright © 1998 The McGraw-Hill Companies. All Rights Reserved. B.Gender Development: Theoretical Explanations 1.Psychoanalytic Theory: Identification with a Parent 2.Social-Learning Theory: Observing and Imitating Models 3.Cognitive-Developmental Theory: Mental Processes 4.Gender-Schema Theory: A Cognitive-Social Approach

8. Copyright © 1998 The McGraw-Hill Companies. All Rights Reserved. 1.Hormonal Influences 2.Parental Influences 3.Cultural Influences C.Influences on Gender Development: Nature versus Nurture

9. Copyright © 1998 The McGraw-Hill Companies. All Rights Reserved. IV.Child-Rearing Practices A.Forms of Discipline 1.Reinforcement and Punishment 2.Power Assertion, Induction, and Withdrawal of Love B.Parenting Styles and Children’s Competence 1.Baumrind: Three Parenting Styles 2.Evaluating Baumrind’s Work C.Internalization and Other Goals of Parenting

10. Copyright © 1998 The McGraw-Hill Companies. All Rights Reserved. D.Maltreatment: Child Abuse and Nelgect 1.Types of Abuse 2.Causes of Abuse and Neglect 3.Effects of Abuse and Neglect E.Life-Span Issue: Can Parental Teaching Poison a Child for Life? 1.Characteristics of Poisonous Pedagogy 2.Effect on Adult Children of Mothers using Poisonous Pedagogy

11. Copyright © 1998 The McGraw-Hill Companies. All Rights Reserved. V.Specific Developmental Issues A.Altruism, or Prosocial Behavior 1.Characteristics of the Prosocial Child 2.The Role of the Family 3.The Role of the School 4.The Role of Culture

12. Copyright © 1998 The McGraw-Hill Companies. All Rights Reserved. 1.Types 2.Triggers of Aggression C. Fearfulness B.Aggression

13. Copyright © 1998 The McGraw-Hill Companies. All Rights Reserved. VI.Relationships with Other Children A.Brother and Sisters B.The Only Child C.Playmates and Friends 1.Choosing Friends and Playmates 2.How Family Relationships Affect Peer Relationships