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Development Unit 9
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Developmental Research Nature vs. Nurture Continuity vs. Stages Stability vs. Change
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Periods of Development Infancy: 0-24 months Early Childhood: 2-5 years Middle Childhood: 6-8 years Late Childhood: 9-11 Adolescence: 11ish – 20ish Early Adulthood: 20s-30s Middle Adulthood: 40s-65ish Late Adulthood: 65+
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Infancy Physical Development Reflexes Grasping Babinski Rooting Sucking Maturation Developmental Norms sequence
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Jean Piaget IQ Tests Schema Assimilation Accommodation
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Piaget Stages of Cognitive Development Sensorimotor 0-2 Object Permanence Preoperational 2-7 Animism/personification Egocentric Lacks Conservation and Reversibility Concrete Operational 7-11 Gains Conservation and Reversibility Formal Operational 12+
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Sensorimotor stage video
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Preoperational Stage video
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Egocentrism video
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Concrete Operational Stage video
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Formal Operational video
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Development Jigsaw 1= Lev Vygotsky (Social Dev./Piaget) 2= Lev Vygotsky (Zone of Proximal Development) 3= Thomas and Chess 4= Stages of Attachment 5=Attachment Theory 6=Harry Harlow 7= Konrad Lorenz – yellow book 75-76 8 = Ainworth and Bowlby (Secure and Ambivalent) 9= Ainworth and Bowlby (Avoidant and Disorganzied)
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Thomas and Chess Temperament Easy 40% Difficult 10% Slow-to-warm-up 15%
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Lev Vygotsky Zone of Proximal Development
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Harry Harlow Contact Attachment
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Konrad Lorenz Imprinting Critical Period
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Mary Ainsworth Attachment Theory John Bowlby Strange Situation Amount of exploration Reaction to departure and return Secure attachment Anxious-Ambivalent insecure attachment Anxious-Avoidant insecure attachment Disorganized/disoriented attachment Mary Main
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Sigmund Freud Terms Id Libido Fixation
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Freud Psychosexual Stages The Oral Stage 0-1 ½ Oral fixation The Anal Stage 1 ½ -3 Anal-expulsive Anal-retentive The Phallic Stage 3-6 Oedipus Complex Electra Complex identification The Latent Period 6-puberty The Genital Stage Puberty-adulthood
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Erik Erikson Psychosocial Stages of Development Trust vs. Mistrust 0-1½ Autonomy vs. Shame/Doubt 1½- 3 Initiative vs. Guilt 3-5 Industry vs. Inferiority 6-12
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Erikson Identity vs. Role Confusion 12-18 Intimacy vs. Isolation 18-35 Generativity vs. Stagnation 35-65 Integrity vs. Despair 65+
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Lawrence Kohlberg Moral Development Pre-conventional Morality 0-Egocentric judgment 1-Punishment-Obedience Orientation 2-Instrumental Relativist Orientation Conventional Morality 3-Good Boy-Nice Girl Orientation 4-Law and Order Orientation Post-Conventional Morality 5-Social Contract Orientation 6-Universal Ethical Principle Orientation
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Carol Gilligan Moral Development Women
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Adolescence Process of Puberty Growth Spurt Asynchrony Primary Sex Characteristics Secondary Sex Characteristics Reactions to growth Personal Fable Spotlight Effect Halo Effect
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Adolescence Theories G.Stanley Hall Storm and Stress Margaret Mead Influence of culture Robert Havighurst Developmental Tasks
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Adolescence Gender Development Gender role Gender Identity Gender Stereotypes Androgynous
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Adolescence What causes Gender Differences Biological theory Psychoanalytic theory Social Learning theory Cognitive theory Gender Schema
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Diana Baumrind Parenting Styles Authoritarian Authoritative Democratic Permissive Laissez faire
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Daniel Levinson Seasons of a Man’s Life Transitions 1 st transition 17-22 Entering adult world 22-28 2 nd transition 28-33 Settling down 33-40 3 rd /midlife transition 40-45 Middle adulthood 45-50 4 th transition 50-55 Late adult transition 60-65
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Aging Menopause Intelligence Fluid intelligence Crystallized intelligence Dementia Alzheimer’s Disease
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Elizabeth Kubler-Ross Stages of Death and Dying Denial Anger Bargaining Depression Acceptance
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