1. Protista Lab intro

2. Protist habitats are also diverse in habitat And including freshwater and marine species Figure 28.2a–d 100  m 4 cm 500  m The freshwater ciliate Stentor, a unicellular protozoan (LM) Ceratium tripos, a unicellular marine dinoflagellate (LM) Delesseria sanguinea, a multicellular marine red alga Spirogyra, a filamentous freshwater green alga (inset LM) (a) (b) (c) (d)

3. Kindom Protista Evolved from the Archae approx. 1.5 billion years ago Polyphyletic group- protists arose by way of more than one ancestral group Represents separate evolutionary lineages Plant like b/c autotrophic (produce their own food) Animal-Like b/c they are heterotrophic (feed upon other organisms)  Monday you will study three phyla and animal like protists.

4. Animal-Like Protists 8-1 Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Fig. 8.2

5. Animal-Like Protists: The Protozoa Unicellular and Colonial Eukaryotes

6. 8-2 Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Fig. 8.3 W. D. Russell-Hunter, A Life of Invertebrates, © 1979. Protozoan Protist

7. 8-3 Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Fig. 8.4 Asexual Reproduction in Protozoa

8. Study representatives of the following three Protista phyla: 1) Phylum Sarcomastigophora Subphylum Mastigophora Subphylum Sarcodina 2) Phylum Apicomplexa 3) Phylum Ciliophora

9. Phylum Sarcomastigophora Chars: Flagella, pseudopodia, or both; single type of nucleus; no spores formed. Subphylum Masigophora –Chars: One or more Falgella –Autotrophic (cl. Phytomastigophora) –Heterotrophic (cl. Zoomastigophora) or both; –Reproduction usually by fission

10. 8-4 Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Fig. 8.7 Structure of Euglena Subphylum Mastigophora (cl. Phytomastigophora)

11. Freshwater phytomastigophoran Ponds and slow moving streams Study live protozoans using methylcellulose Observe Flagella using iodine potassium idide (IKI)

12. Other Mastigophora Zoomastigophora- Trypanosoma, Trichonympha, and Trichomonas Trichonympha- Mastigophora Symbionts- Termite gut

13. 8-6 Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Fig. 8.9 Life Cycle of Trypanosoma Brucei

14. Phytomstigophoran- Volvox shows colonial organization. Concave slide Culture Medium, cover slide no air pockets

15. 8-5 Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Fig. 8.8 Volvox, A Colonial Flagellate

16. Subphylum Sarcodina Chars: Pseudopodia, Flagella occasionally present (in developmental stages. The Amoebas Ameobas- common freshwater protist Lives on the bottom of ponds

17. 8-7 Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Fig. 8.10 Variations in Pseudopodia

18. 8-8 Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Fig. 8.11b Subphylum Sarcodina: Superclass Rhizopoda, Class Lobosea

19. Other Sarcodina-“Not naked” sarcodines Arcella, Difflugia, and Actinospaerium and marine radiolarians and foraminifera form test. Test can be formed from sand grains, calcium carbonate and silica

20. 8-9 Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Fig. 8.12 Freshwater Amoeba (Difflugia Oblongata)

21. Phylum Apicomplexa Chars: All parasites Apical complex used for penetrating host cells Lack cilia and flagella, except in certain reproductive stages Coccidians or apicomplexans are named based upon the presence of apical complex

22. Most important Coccidians are members of the class Sporozoea Chars: intracellular parasites of animals Form spores or oocysts following sexual reproduction Complex life cycle that involve both vertebrate and invertebrate hosts Example- Plasmodium the sporozoan that causes malaria.

23. 8-10 Fig. 8.15 Life Cycle of Plasmodium Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.

24. 8-11 Fig. 8.16 Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Microsporean Nosema Bombicus Theodore Jahn, et al., How to Know the Protozoa, 3 rd ed., New York, The McGraw-Hill Companies.

25. Phylum Ciliophora Chars: Cilia, macronuclei, and micronuclei usually present Ciliates are the largest most complex and diverse group of the protozoans Nearly occupy all aquatic habitats Some are symbiotic Reproduction can be asexual through fission or sexual through conjugation

26. 8-12 Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Fig. 8.17b Ciliate (Paramecium)

27. 8-13 Fig. 8.21 Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Conjugation in Paramecium

28. Example of a Ciliophora: Paramecium Common freshwater ciliate Observe live sample using methylcellulose solution Other Ciliophora: Colpidium, Vorticella and Stentor

29. 8-14 Fig. 8.22 Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Cladogram of Protozoa Relationships

30. The End