1. ISO 14048 Environmental management — Life cycle assessment — Data documentation format

2. ISO/TS 14048:2002(E)

3. ISO/TS 14048:2002(E) Introduction This Technical Specification provides a framework and requirements for the unambiguous documentation of Life Cycle Inventory analysis (LCI) data. Following the general framework for Life Cycle Assessment (LCA), laid down in ISO 14040, and the requirements and guidance on LCI, provided in ISO 14041, this specification intends to support a transparent reporting, interpretation and review of data collection, data calculation, data quality and data reporting, as well as facilitating data exchange. This Technical Specification supports LCA use and development, and is aimed primarily for data suppliers, LCA practitioners and LCA information system developers. The data documentation format facilitates the reporting of LCI data and compliance with the requirements from ISO 14040 and ISO 14041 on data collection, data documentation and data quality. It also facilitates interpretation of LCI data as described in ISO 14043. In addition, the data documentation format allows the documentation and use of important information for Life Cycle Impact Assessment (LCIA), ISO 14042, including environmental information, environment condition and location.

4. ISO/TS 14048:2002(E) Documentation Format

5. ISO 14048 INPUT CELL 1.1.3.2 ISO 14048 QUANTITATIVE REFERENCE NAME ISO 9000 PROCESS ISO 14048 ANNEX B COLUMN ???? ISO 14048 ANNEX B ROW ????? ISO 14048 QUANTITATIVE REFERENCE DESCRIPTION CLASS Name Net production of electricity ISO 14048 File ViewISO 15926 Product Model (Ontology) 1 KWH POWER GENERATION Superclass class_of_relationship_with_signature MY ACTUAL REFERENCE Subclass Class Member ISO 14048 Field Reference 1.1.3.2 1.1.3.2 #1#2#3(#1-#2) Template Instances

6. ISO 14048 PROCESS DESCRIPTION CLASS ISO 9000 PROCESS ACC# ISO 14048 PROCESS DESCRIPTION CLASS Qualified Qualifier Quqlification_of_class ISO 14048 PROCESS NAME class_of_class_of_identification represented pattern EXPRESS_string

7. ISO 9000 PROCESS QUALIFICATIONS ISO 9000 PROCESS ACC# ISO 14048 PROCESS DESCRIPTION CLASS ISO 14048 PROCESS CLASSIFICATION CLASS ISO 14048 TECHNOLOGY DOCUMENTATION CLASS ISO 14048 PROCESS CONTENT REFERENCE CLASS ISO 14048 INTERMEDIATE PRODUCT FLOW REFERENCE CLASS ISO 14048 DATA AQUISITION DOCUMENTATION CLASS ISO 14048 SAMPLE VOLUME DOCUMENTATION CLASS ISO 14048 RELATED EXTERNAL SYSTEM DOCUMENTATION CLASS Qualified Qualifier ISO 14048 QUANTITATIVE REFERENCE DESCRIPTION CLASS These class instances represent the headings of the table in Annex A ISO 14048 INPUT AND OUTPUT DOCUMENTATION CLASS ISO 14048 MATHEMATICAL MODEL DOCUMENTATION CLASS ISO 14048 VALID GEOGRAPHY DESCRIPTION CLASS ISO 14048 INPUT AND OUTPUT IDENTIFICATION CLASS ISO 14048 INPUT AND OUTPUT AMOUNT DESCRIPTION CLASS ISO 14048 MATHEMATICAL RELATION DESCRIPTION CLASS ISO 14048 INPUT AND OUTPUT DATA DOCUMENTATION CLASS ISO 14048 VALID TIME SPAN DESCRIPTION CLASS ISO 14048 INPUT AND OUTPUT PROPERTY DOCUMENTATION CLASS ISO 14048 INPUT AND OUTPUT DISTRIBUTION FUNCTION DESCRIPTION CLASS ISO 14048 DISTRIBUTION FUNCTION PARAMETER DEFINITION CLASS Quqlification_of_class

8. ISO/TS 14048:2002(E) Nomenclatures

9. ISO/TS 14048:2002(E) Nomenclature Ontology

10. ISO/TS 14048:2002(E) Summary The complete document content, not the layout and structure, has been mapped Can be mapped to tabular and, preferably, to XML representations All required ISO 14040 series concepts have been included in the RDL All ISO 14048 defined terms have been included in the ontology All ISO 14048 Nomenclatures have been mapped, both at document content level and as an ontology A prototype has been developed An ISO 9000 Product Model has been developed All required ISO 14048 RDL items are available and ready for use

11. EU LCA InfoHub A useful set of LCA data –somewhat sparse – but an pilot which can extended –material products and energy products –generic data for typical products Contents defined by ISO 14048 Environmental management — Life cycle assessment — Data documentation format Contents represented according to the ELCD (European Life Cycle Database) XML schema –a concrete implementation of ISO 14048

12. What ISO 14048 is about make 1kg of steel rebar output flow 1 what steel rebar how much 1 kg destination technosphere output output flow 2 what chromium how much 9.5E-7 kg destination atmosphere output output flow 3 input flow 1 what zinc how much 0.0027 kg source resources input input flow 2 what water how much 3.8 kg source rivers input input flow 3 reference flow

13. What ISO 14048 is about ISO 14048 is about processes –perhaps the process of making a product For a “unit magnitude process” the flows are specified: –to the process from the environment (e.g. use of fresh water) –to the process from resources (e.g. use of minerals) –from the process to disposal (e.g. solid waste) –from the process to the environment (e.g. emissions to water systems or the atmosphere) The “unit magnitude” is defined by a reference flow: –output of 1 discrete manufactured item –output of 1 kg of material –output of 1 kWh of electricity There is lots of meta-data –Where the information came from –Time period of validity –Geographic region of validity

14. Mode of publication HTML documents –derived from XML representation by XSLT – XML documents also have HTTP URIs, but they are not linked The LCA data base as a huge ZIP file –Unzip to get a directory of XML files for each technical domain –XSLT transforms to HTML are also provided Support for both: –Computer processing of XML –Display of XML to people as HTML

15. Life cycle phases

22. Mode of publication http://lca.jrc.ec.europa.eu/lcainfohub/datasets/elcd/processes/ Steel_rebar_Eurofer_268a11fb-baf2-4b9e-8867-38bea0e76ef6_01.00.001.xml URI of data set about the process - Steel rebar manufacture: http://lca.jrc.ec.europa.eu/lcainfohub/datasets/elcd/flows/ Carbon_dioxide_Emissions_to_air_8864ce84-9967-11da-a72b-0800200c9a66_01.00.001.xml URI of data set about the flow - CO 2 to air: http://lca.jrc.ec.europa.eu/lcainfohub/datasets/elcd/flows/ Steel_Rebar_Materials_e0e06e45-28a5-4c5e-af18-616253bd4ac5_01.00.001.xml http://lca.jrc.ec.europa.eu/lcainfohub/datasets/elcd/flowproperties/ Mass_93a60a56-a3c8-11da-a746-0800200b9a66_01.00.001.xml URI of data set about the flow - Steel rebar to technosphere: URI of data set about the property - mass:

23. Mode of publication URIs are of data sets not things –This is Web 1.0 practice –For Web 2.0, the objects are identified Dereference the object to get information in different formats The product classes (or data sets about them) do not have URIs –“Steel rebar” is just text –CO 2 is identified by CAS number URIs are unmemorable – HTTP domain + UUID + version Some comments

24. A future scenario Good environmental practice means that companies provide LCA data for products Two choices for a company: 1.provide audited LCA data 2.relate product to one of the classes of product for which LCA is available – Classes defined on the Web and identified by URIs It is much easier for a company to implement choice 1, if its suppliers either provide LCA data or classify their products

25. A future scenario classes of supply with LCA data – LCA catalogues linked to industrial catalogues class Aclass Bclass Cclass D product supply 1 supply 2 supply x supply y supply z subclass of LCA data from analysis of supply subclass of LCA data from analysis of supply