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Project Management Chapter 17 1
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2 Unique, one-time operations designed to accomplish a specific set of objectives in a limited time frame. Build A A Done Build B B Done Build C C Done Build D Ship JANFEBMARAPRMAYJUN On time! Projects
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3 Project Management §How is it different? l Limited time frame l Narrow focus, specific objectives l Less bureaucratic §Why is it used? l Special needs l Pressures for new or improves products or services
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4 Project Management §What are the Key Metrics l Time l Cost l Performance objectives §What are the Key Success Factors? l Top-down commitment l Having a capable project manager l Having time to plan l Careful tracking and control l Good communications
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5 Project Management §What are the Major Administrative Issues? l Executive responsibilities Project selection Project manager selection Organizational structure l Organizational alternatives Manage within functional unit Assign a coordinator Use a matrix organization with a project leader
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6 Project Management §What are the tools? l Work breakdown structure l Network diagram l Gantt charts l Risk management
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7 §Deciding which projects to implement §Selecting a project manager §Selecting a project team §Planning and designing the project §Managing and controlling project resources §Deciding if and when a project should be terminated Summary of Key Decisions
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Project Manager Responsible for: 8 WorkQuality Human ResourcesTime CommunicationsCosts
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Project Life Cycle 9 Concept Feasibility Planning Execution Termination Management
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Planning and Scheduling 14 Gantt Chart
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PERT and CPM Networks PERT: Program Evaluation and Review Technique CPM: Critical Path Method Graphically displays project activities Estimates how long the project will take Indicates most critical activities Show where delays will not affect project 15
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16 The Network Diagram §Network (precedence) diagram – diagram of project activities that shows sequential relationships by the use of arrows and nodes. §Activity-on-arrow (AOA) – a network diagram convention in which arrows designate activities. §Activity-on-node (AON) – a network diagram convention in which nodes designate activities. §Activities – steps in the project that consume resources and/or time. §Events – the starting and finishing of activities, designated by nodes in the AOA convention.
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17 The Network Diagram (cont’d) §Path l Sequence of activities that leads from the starting node to the finishing node §Critical path l The longest path; determines expected project duration §Critical activities l Activities on the critical path §Slack l Allowable slippage for path; the difference the length of path and the length of critical path
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Network Conventions for PERT and CPM Networks (AOA) 18 a b ca b c a b c d a b c Dummy activity
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Project Network 19 1 2 3 4 56 Locate facilities Order furniture Furniture setup Interview Hire and train Remodel Move in
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20 Project Network with Activity Times and Activities Labeled
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Example 21 1 2 3 4 56 8 weeks 6 weeks 3 weeks 4 weeks 9 weeks 11 weeks 1 week
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Example Solution 22 Critical Path
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23 §Network activities l ES: earliest start l EF: earliest finish l LS: latest start l LF: latest finish §Used to determine l Expected project duration l Slack time l Critical path Computing Algorithm
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24 §Computer aided design (CAD) §Groupware (Lotus Notes) §CA Super Project §Harvard Total Manager §MS Project §Sure Track Project Manager §Time Line Project Management Software
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29 §Imposes a methodology §Provides logical planning structure §Enhances team communication §Flag constraint violations §Automatic report formats §Multiple levels of reports §Enables what-if scenarios §Generates various chart types Advantages of PM Software
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30 Summary §Projects are a unique set of activities §Projects go through life cycles §PERT and CPM are two common techniques §Network diagrams §Project management software available
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Advantages of Gantt Charts and Networks Forces managers to organize Provides graphic display of activities Identifies – Critical activities – Slack activities 31 Build A A Done Build B B Done Build C C Done Build D Ship JANFEBMARAPRMAYJUN On time!
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Limitations of Networks Important activities may be omitted Precedence relationships may not be correct Estimates may include a fudge factor 32 1 2 3 4 56 142 weeks
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33 §Temptation to understate costs §Withhold information §Misleading status reports §Falsifying records §Comprising workers’ safety §Approving substandard work Ethical Issues
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34 Homework Problem Do problem 5 (part a only) on p. 819. While the solution is given in the following slides, be sure that you take the time to try to solve this problem prior to looking at the solution.
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9 5 2 3 6 5 4 6 10 4 8 7 2 Network before doing the critical path method Problem 5a
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36 LS ES LF EF 12 4 28 21 19 12 26 18 1 2 5 8 9 6 3 12 11 26 19 28 21 19 12 11 4 0000 10 16 20 25 31 25 20 16 10 26 18 28 20 31 24 21 13 7070 21 13 26 19 10 4 7 9 5 2 3 6 5 4 6 4 8 7 2 11 4 5a. Key Network after doing the critical path method (Activity slacks are given in the table on the next slide)
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37 5a (continued)
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38 End of slides for Project Management
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