1. Chapter I People and Government

2. Section –I Principles of Government How many countries are there in the world today? The answer… About 200 is probably the best current answer to the question.

3. Why is there not an exact number? There are dozens of territories and colonies that are sometimes erroneously called "countries" but are not. –Bermuda –Puerto Rico –Northern Ireland –Scotland  They're not fully independent countries

4. State? Country? Nation?

5. State vs. Country? State and country generally have the same meaning –P–Political community –D–Definite boundaries –S–Sovereignty – freedom to make rules and laws without getting approval from another –I–Independent government

6. So, are PA and NY countries? Not exactly Political divisions in the United States are called states because: –When the colonies banded together to fight the British, they thought of themselves as independent countries.

7. If State = Country, What about the term Nation? Nation- a group of people united by culture These groups of people do not have to have a definite boundary or independent government –Example: French Canadians, Nation of Islam, Aryan Nation However, the terms State, Nation and Country are often used interchangeably

8. The Nation-State

9. Four Essential Features of The State (Country) Population –T–The people must agree or share a consensus about the basic beliefs in the state Territory –A–An area with fixed boundaries –C–Can change because of war, purchase, annexation Sovereignty –A–Absolute authority, within its territorial boundaries Government –M–Maintains order, provides services, enforces decisions

10. PTSGPTSG OVERNMENTOVERNMENT ERRITORYERRITORY OVEREIGNTYOVEREIGNTY OPULATIONOPULATION

11. Theories of the Origin of the State

12. Evolution –Evolved from the family

13. Theories of the Origin of the State Force Submit authority to a ruling force

14. Theories of the Origin of the State Divine Right Rulers were chosen by god

15. Theories of the Origin of the State Social Contract Theory People gave gov't power in return for safety A government of “rules,” not “rulers”

16. Locke vs. Hobbes Hobbes – “state of nature” world without gov’t, “nasty, brutish, short” Locke – “life, liberty, and property”

17. The Purposes of Government Maintain Social Order –Courts –Pay Taxes –Makes laws

18. The Purposes of Government Provide Essential Public Services –School –Police and Fire Services –FDA –Construction of Highways

19. The Purposes of Government National Security –Armed Services –Alliances or Treaties –United Nations –CIA

20. Control the Nations Economy Capitalism Socialism Communism Make Economic Decisions –Money Supply –Currency –Interest Rate –Banking –Taxes