1. PRESENTATION ON PROVINCIAL DISASTER RISK SITUATION SINDH 13 th JULY 2009 AT HOTEL PEARL CONTINENTAL KARACHI. BY: GHULAM MUSTAFA ABRO

2. PROFILE OF PROVINCE OF SINDH Geographical area : 14 million hectares Cultivable :8 million hectatres Arid area : 60% Climatic Zones : Sindh Province possess Four Zones- Coastal, Desert, Mountainous and Plains.

3. PROFILE OF PROVINCE OF SINDH (Cont.) ADMINISTRATION : PROVINCE IS ORGANIZED IN - 23 DISTRICTS 119 TALUKAs 1,100 U/Cs 5,871 DEHs 66,923 SETTLEMENTS

4. PROFILE OF PROVINCE OF SINDH (Cont.)

5. GEOLOGY: Sindh Province Geological Divisible in three main regions: -Khirthar, Pab mountainous range in west. - Thar Desert on East - Arabian sea on its South. Structurally Sindh generally contain gently folded anticlinal features trending in north – south direction.

6. PROFILE OF PROVINCE OF SINDH( CONT) MAJOR ACTIVE FAULTS IN SINDH PROVINCE. SURJAN FAULT JHIMPIR FAULT PAB FAULT RANN OF KUTCH FAULT

9. PROFILE OF PROVINCE OF SINDH (Cont.) DEMOGRAPHY: Population of province, as per 1998 census is 30.4 million. It is projected now at 38 million. Urban- Rural Distribution is 48% : 52%, Growth is 2.8%, Gender ratio is male 112 per 100 female. Literacy is around 50%, health cover about 35%.

10. PROFILE OF PROVINCE OF SINDH (Cont.) Economy of Sindh is Agriculture based, which employees about 45% of labor force. Agriculture is based on artificial irrigation through three ( 3) barrages with 20,000 kms canal and 1,400 miles protective bund network, which irrigating abut 12.8 million acres. 26,000 road and 2,221 kms railway network. Role of Industry is also increasing with establishment of Industrial Estates, cement, sugar, oil refineries and printing, Supported by two ports. There are about 1800 units employing about 260,000 persons.

11. DISASTER RISKS IN PROVINCE OF SINDH THE PROVINCE OF SINDH HAS HISTORICALLY BEEN SUFFERING FROM NATURAL AND HUMAN INDUCED ( CIVIL STRIFE) DISASTERS. THE MAIN ARE: FLOOD/ RAINS DROUGHT CYCLONES SEA INTRUSION EARTH QUACK ACCIDENTAL FIRES

12. DISASTER RISKS IN PROVINCE OF SINDH ( CONT.) FLOOD/ RAINS: -IT OCCURRED 16 TIMES SINCE 1942. -THE LATEST FLOOD OCCURRED IN 2007 WHICH SEVERELY HIT KARACHI, KAMBAR- SHAHDADKOT AND DADU. -DURING THIS FLOOD 127 PERSONS LOST LIFE, 104 INJURED, 105 VILLAGES AFFECTED, 5079 HOUSES DAMAGES, AREA FLOODED 0.287 MILLION ACRES WITH STANDING CROPS ON 0.067 MILLION ACRES. -LOCALLY 0.253 MILLION PEOPLE DISPLACED.

13. DISASTER RISKS IN PROVINCE OF SINDH ( CONT.) MONSOON RAINS 2003 DEVASTATED SINDH, MAINLY LOWER SINDH- THATTA, BADIN AND THARPARKAR. IT AFFECTED 3.5 MILLION PEOPLE, HOUSES DAMAGED 246464, PUBLIC BUILDINGS 4600, LOSS OF CATTLE 9250 AND LOSS OF LIFE 371. IT AFFECTED 411,000 CROPPED AREA, WHILE 18,500 KILOMETERS OF AND OTHER INFRASTRUCTURE SUFFERED HUGE LOSS. ROUGHLY LOSS ESTIMATED AT RS. 45 BILLION.

14. DISASTER RISKS IN PROVINCE OF SINDH ( CONT.)

15. Cyclones: - MAJOR CYCLONES REACHING SINDH 8 TIMES IN LAST 100 YEARS MAINLY DEVASTATED LOWER SINDH’S COASTAL DISTRICTS THATTA AND BADIN. -KETI BUNDER TOWN WIPED OUT FOUR TIMES.

16. DISASTER RISKS IN PROVINCE OF SINDH ( CONT.) Drought: Sindh is located in arid receiving annually less than 5 inches Rain. Its 60% arid. Ground water almost 80% is saline. Since 1871 major drought occurred 6 times- 1871, 1881, 1899, 1931, 1942,1999-2002 and now persisting from 2008. Thar desert which is already declared drought affected area.

17. DISASTER RISKS IN PROVINCE OF SINDH ( CONT.) THE DROUGHT 1999-02 AFFECTED: -1.4 MILLION PEOPLE. -5.6 MILLION CATTLE HEADS. -12.5 MILLION ACRES CROPPED AREA. -CROPPED REDUCED BY 25%. -WATER TABLE RECEDED BY 30 TO 40 FEET. -TREMENDOUS DROP OUT AT HEALTH FACILITIES AND ABOUT 27% IN SCHOOLS.

18. DISASTER RISKS IN PROVINCE OF SINDH ( CONT.) Earthquake:Earthquake: GEOLOGICAL TECTONIC LINE RUNS UNDER KARACHI THROUGH KHIRTHAR HILLS/ MOUNTAINS TO WEST- NORTH OF SINDH, THAR DESERT AND ADJOINING AREAS.GEOLOGICAL TECTONIC LINE RUNS UNDER KARACHI THROUGH KHIRTHAR HILLS/ MOUNTAINS TO WEST- NORTH OF SINDH, THAR DESERT AND ADJOINING AREAS. EXTENSIVE CHANGES TOOK PLACE IN 1819 IN RANN OF KUTCH WHICH AFFECTED SINDH.EXTENSIVE CHANGES TOOK PLACE IN 1819 IN RANN OF KUTCH WHICH AFFECTED SINDH. NOT LESS THAN SEVEN (7) EARTH QUAKES WERE RECORDED BETWEEN 1845 TO 1861.NOT LESS THAN SEVEN (7) EARTH QUAKES WERE RECORDED BETWEEN 1845 TO 1861. IN OCTOBER 1896 SHAH BUNDER TO THARPARKAR WERE AFFECTED.IN OCTOBER 1896 SHAH BUNDER TO THARPARKAR WERE AFFECTED.

19. DISASTER RISKS IN PROVINCE OF SINDH ( CONT.) IN JANUARY 1903 FISSURES WERE ERUPTED IN BADIN AND JATI OF WARM WATER AND MUD FOR ABOUT 12 HOURS, GEYSER LIKE LOW HOLES LEFT 15-20 FEET DIAMETER AND 8-10 FEET DEEP. THE LATEST EARTHQUAKE OF 2001 OCCURRED IN THAR DESERT AND ADJOINING AREA – BADIN DISTRICT. DUE TO IT 12 PERSON LOST LIFE, 115 PERSONS INJURED, 1989 HOUSES FULLY DAMAGED, 43643 HOUSES PARTIALLY DAMAGED, PUBLIC SECTOR BUILDINGS DAMAGED TO 1406. FINANCIAL LOSS ESTIMATED AT RS. 2.4 BILLION.

20. DISASTER RISKS IN PROVINCE OF SINDH ( CONT.) Sea intrusion: -COASTAL AREA OF SINDH BADLY AFFECTED BY SEA INTRUSION DUE TO NEGLIGIBLE OUTFLOW DOWNSTREAM KOTRI. THE NON SILT AND FRESH WATER FLOW BROUGHT THIS SITUATION. -IT AFFECTED 87 DEHs, 9 TALUKAs, 2.2 MILLION ACRES 47 IRRIGATION CHANNELS, CULTIVABLE LAND.

21. DISASTER RISKS IN PROVINCE OF SINDH ( CONT.) Accidental Fires: Forest in Sindh negligible, but large industries and business houses are located at Karachi, Hyderabad/ Kotri, Sukkur and Special Industrial Zones are coming up in Nawabshah. Besides, there is large number of Cotton Ginning, Rice Husking Mills. A Boiler Blast in SITE Karachi, Twice Fire in PNSC Building is worst examples.

22. RELATIVE SEVERITY VULNERABILITIES / HAZARDS AS PER DISTRICT IN SINDH Sindh’s all districts in general suffer from drought / shortage of irrigation and drinking water, besides poor quality water. Among the 23 district severally suffering the coastal districts- Thatta and Badin, Tharparkar,

23. HOW TO PREVENT THE RISK SITUATION ESTABLISH PROVINCIAL DISASTER RISK MANAGEMENT FUND. DEVELOP AWARENESS / EDUCATION/ TRAINING PROGRAMME FOR COMMUNITY AND VOLUNTEERS. DEVELOP PROGRAM OF DEVELOPMENT SCHEMES FOR PROTECTION OF COASTAL AND RIVERIAN / KACHO AREAS BY RAISED GROUND/ DYKES / PLATFORMS / MANGROVES.

24. HOW TO PREVENT THE RISK SITUATION ( cont.) INTEGRATE DRR PROGRAMME WITH DEVELOPMENT [PROV. / FEDERAL] PROGRAMMES AND ACADEMIC AND RESEARCH INSTITUTIONS. ENFORCE BUILDING CONTROL LAWS. STRENGTHEN FIRE SYSTEM THROUGH OUT PROVINCE.

25. HOW TO PREVENT THE RISK SITUATION ( cont.) PLOTS BE RESERVED ALONG WITH RIVER BUNDS TO ACCOMMODATE EVACUEES FROM RIVERIAN AREA. DEVELOP WELL NET EARLY WARNING SYSTEM. ESTABLISH AT EACH DISTRICT EMERGENCY WARE HOUSE.

26. ALLAH (JS) NAGHIBAN