1. Do Now 1/17/13-1/18/13 1.What are the shapes for: 1.Motor Neurons 2.Sensory Neurons 3.Interneurons 2.Name the 3 layers of the meninges and describe them.

2. 9.11 The Meninges Dura mater - outermost layer Arachnoid mater - no blood vessels, in between layer (resembles a spider web) Pia mater -inner membrane, contains nerves and blood vessels to nourish cells

3. Figure 13.25a CSF - cerebrospinal fluid See video of a http://youtu.be/R2_0gOI8uV0http://youtu.be/R2_0gOI8uV0

4. Dura mater is being peeled away in this photo.

5. Subdural Hematoma

7. Natgeo Brain Surgery VideoNatgeo Brain Surgery Video - patient is awake

8. Spinal Cord passes down the vertebral canal, has 31 segments (each with a pair of spinal nerves) Cervical enlargement = supplies nerves to upper limbs (neck) Lumbar enlargement = supplies nerves to the lower limbs (lower back) FUNCTION: conducting nerve impulses, serves as a center for spinal reflexes

9. ASCENDING - impulses travel to the brain (sensory) DESCENDING - impulses travel to the muscles (motor)

10. Spinal reflexes - reflex arcs pass through the spinal cord

12. Do Now 1/22/13 1. In terms of nerve impulses, define: a. Ascending b. Descending 2.What does CSF stand for? 3.What does CSF do? 4.What are the 3 major regions of the brain?

13. THE BRAIN ANATOMICAL REGIONS o Cerebrum o Cerebellum o Brain Stem

14. CEREBELLUM Balance and coordination

15. CEREBRUM - wrinkly large part of the brain, largest area in humans, higher mental function

16. Brain Stem - regulates visceral functions (autonomic system)

18. Figure 13.4

19. 1. Cerebral Hemispheres - left and right side separated by the.... 2. Corpus Callosum - connects the two hemispheres

20. The Cerebral Hemispheres Figure 13.7b, c

21. Take the Left Brain – Right Brain Test

22. Corpus callosum

23. 3. Convolutions of the Brain - the wrinkles and grooves of the cerebrum Fissures = deep groove Sulcus = shallow groove Gyrus = bump

24. 4. Fissures – separate lobes Longitudinal fissure - separate right and left sides

25. Transverse Fissure - separates cerebrum from cerebellum

26. Lateral Fissure - separates the temporal lobe from the Frontal and Parietal lobes

27. Do Now 1/23/13 1.What is the difference between FISSURE and SULCUS? 2.What are the 3 fissures of the brain that we learned? 3.For each fissure, what parts of the brain do they divide?

29. Lobes of the Brain (general functions) 5. Frontal – reasoning, thinking, language 6. Parietal – touch, pain, relation of body parts (somatosensory) 7. Temporal Lobe – hearing 8. Occipital – vision

30. Figure 13.7a LOBES OF THE BRAIN (CEREBRUM) Sulcus = groove Gyrus = raised bump Fissure = deep groove

31. 9. Cerebral Cortex - layer of gray matter that is the outermost portion of cerebrum (the part with all the wrinkles)

32. Do Now 1/24/13-1/25/13 1.What is the function of the cerebellum? 2.What is the function of the brain stem? 3.What part of the cerebrum processes vision? 4.What part of the cerebrum is involved in language, reasoning, and thinking? 5.What part of the cerebrum is involved in hearing? 6.What part of the cerebrum is involved in pain and touch?

33. Functional and Structural Areas of the Cerebral Cortex Figure 13.11a

35. Fluid filled cavities, contain CSF 10.VENTRICLES OF THE BRAIN

36. 11. Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) - fluid that protects and supports brain Figure 13.27b

37. FUNCTIONAL REGIONS A. MOTOR AREAS B. SENSORY AREAS C. ASSOCIATION

38. 12. Motor Areas - controls voluntary movements - the right side of the brain generally controls the left side of the body -also has Broca's Area (speech)

39. 13. Sensory Area - involved in feelings and sensations (visual, auditory, smell, touch, taste)

40. 14. Association Areas - higher levels of thinking, interpreting and analyzing information

41. Figure 13.4 BRAIN STEM

42. Consists of three parts: 1.MIDBRAIN 2.PONS 3.MEDULLA OBLONGATA

43. Hypothalamus - hormones, heart rate, blood pressure, body temp, hunger Thalamus - relay station 1. Diencephalon has 2 parts.....

44. 4. Optic Tract / Chiasma - optic nerves cross over each other

46. 5. Midbrain – visual reflexes, eye movements 6. Pons - relay sensory information 7. Medulla – heart, respiration, blood pressure Cerebellum - balance, coordination

47. Pituitary Gland The "master gland" of the endocrine system. It controls hormones.

48. Corpus callosum Thalamus Hypothalamus Pineal gland

49. Midbrain Medulla Oblongata Pons

51. 9. HIPPOCAMPUS Memory is controlled by the HIPPOCAMPUS ( “ sea horse ” ). The hippocampus plays a major role in memories.

52. 10. The LIMBIC SYSTEM The LIMBIC SYSTEM plays a role in EMOTION also includes olfactory lobes - memory, emotion, and smell are linked. Crayolas are created today with the same scent because it reminds people of their happy times in childhood. Why is the brain formed so that smell and emotions are tied together? Because pheromones are tied to emotions and behavior, so they need the link.

53. Limbic System

54. MEMORY We used to classify memory as being long-term or short-term. The new classification is four memory systems that process information for storage and retrieval: Types of Memory: Short vs Long Term

56. How important are your memories? If you were involved in a traumatic event, such as a rape or a terrorist attack, would you take a pill that would make it so that you did not remember the event? http://psychcentral.com/news/2011/0 5/27/drug-metyrapone-to-erase-bad- memories/26532.html

57. Involved in remembering personal experiences, such as a phone conversation you had yesterday or the movie you watched last week. Challenge: Do you remember the first Harry Potter movie? What was the story? How many details do you remember? Episodic Memory

58. Semantic Memory Manages the storage and retrieval of general knowledge of facts, such as the number of days in a year or the colors in a rainbow. Naming objects is also semantic memory. Semantic Memory Tasks 1. What do you call this thing? 2. Where do Kangaroos live? 3. What actor played Bella in Twilight?

59. Procedural Memory Allows us to learn activities and skills that will then be performed automatically with little or no conscious thought. Examples are riding a bicycle or driving a car. Challenge: 1. Can you make a teacup with a length of string? 2. Do you know how to use a can opener?

60. Working Memory provides temporary storage and manipulation of the information necessary for such complex cognitive tasks as language comprehension, learning, and reasoning. Working Memory Test Memory Game Another Memory Game

61. Memory - Sometimes it's good to forget things.. why? http://www.scientificamerican.com/article.cfm?id=memory- brain-tour-videohttp://www.scientificamerican.com/article.cfm?id=memory- brain-tour-video Video on memory and where memories are stored and retrieved.

62. Check out these brain images!brain images