1. for the instructor Energy part 3 covers alternative ways to generate electricity using nuclear & wind the slide show starts with the next slide

2. Energy

3. Electrical Energy Alternatives Nuclear Energy I Existing form of electricity production, producing >8% of electricity for the U.S. Advantages: Existing form of energy production Does not produce CO 2, and therefore does not increase our impact on Global Warming

4. Electrical Energy Alternatives Nuclear Energy I Disadvantages: Extremely expensive (in many aspects) Produces extremely toxic wastes that need to be secured for (very) long periods of time Requires very sophisticated and complex operations Accidents at these types of facilities can result in widespread contamination by radioactive materials

5. Nuclear Energy III Kashiwazaki, Japan World’s largest nuclear plant Some other industrial countries depend heavily on nuclear power for their electrical generation. Japan generates 34.5% of their electricity from nuclear power.

6. Nuclear Energy III Paluel, France France generates 78.8% of their electricity from nuclear power.

7. Electrical Energy Alternatives Wind Generation I Existing form of electricity production, producing <1% of electricity for the U.S. Advantages: Existing form of energy production Does not produce CO 2 Though tall, wind turbines do not cover a large area Turbines come in a range of sizes and can be used for a number of applications both on & off the grid

8. Electrical Energy Alternatives Wind Generation I Disadvantages: Has intermittent energy production (based on the consistency of the wind) The public may consider wind turbines to be unsightly Can be a hazard to bird (& migrating bird) and bat populations

9. Electrical Energy Alternatives Wind Generation II Relative costs for wind generation are a fifth of what they were in the 1980’s; and based on relatively conservative estimates are only 5% more then electricity from coal-fire power plants.

10. Electrical Energy Alternatives Wind Generation IV – Wind Strength Locations of consistent wind generation in the U.S. Note the locations in upstate New York; the Adirondacks, southern tier, and great lakes. To distribute this power to market would especially require an integrated power grid.

11. Electrical Energy Alternatives Wind Generation V – Power Grid NPR Story on Power Grid & Alt. Energy To distribute electrical energy effectively from wind source areas to high-use regions (urban areas) requires a more integrated nation- wide power grid system This is also a factor for other alternative energy sources like: nuclear power plants and large scale solar farms.

12. Electrical Energy Alternatives Power Grid Considerations I This is the size of a 765kV line, note farmhouse for scale The reason for these large lines is they are so much more efficient, comparison of 15 138kV lines to 1 765kV line

13. Electrical Energy Alternatives Power Grid Considerations II The perception is that high voltage power lines are unhealthy. However several studies conducted in the 1990’s on the effects of electromagnetic fields (associated with power lines) concluded “that there was no evidence that showed exposure to EMF from power lines presented a human health hazard.” Two of these studies were conducted with under the supervision of the National Academy of Science and by the National Cancer Institute.