1. Using Traffic Shaping to Combat Spam David Cawley, Senior Engineer December 12th, 2007

2. Overview 1.Evolution of E-mail & Spam 2.Spamonomics 3.SMTP Multiplexing 4.Traffic Shaping 5.Asynchronous IO 6.Passive OS Fingerprinting

3. The Dawn of E-mail 1965 MIT shared mainframe 1971 The @ symbol 1976 Queen of England sends an e-mail 1982 IETF RFC821/822 1989 Lotus Notes released (35k copies sold)‏ 1996 Microsoft Internet Mail 1.0 2001 IETF RFC2821/2822

4. Attempts to secure... SMTP is inherently insecure SMTP-Auth/TLS SPF Sender-ID Why it didn't stop spam

5. The Evolution of Spam 1978 The first spam 1988 Usenet cross-posting 1993 “spam” coined as a name 1997 Open Relays abused 2000 Birth of Nigerian spam 2001 Formail exploit 2003 Sobig virus sends spam

6. The Evolution of Spam 2003 CAN-SPAM act 2004 Bill gates prediction & botnets 2005 Image spam, Ascii art 2006 Animated images, flash, pdf 2007 mp3, excel, p2p botnets

7. The escalating spam problem Source: spamnation.info/stats The good old days.

8. Spammer Economics 0.02% people click and buy [source: NY Times] Average filter effectiveness is 90% –1/10 of spam messages get through Improve effectiveness to 95% –1/20 of spam messages get through Spammer Solution? –Double spam volume –Same profit

9. Traditional Filtering MD5's, Fuzzy Signatures, Bayesian Header Regex, RBL's, URL Lists, Grey Listing Problems –Obfuscation Techniques –Formats – html, image, pdf, doc, xls, ole, mp3.. –Zombies, Botnets

11. SMTP Multiplexing Transparent SMTP Proxy Connection Pooling Insulates the MTA Avoids delay of legitimate mail High Concurrency –Up to 10,000 simultaneous connections

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13. Traffic Shaping What can we do? Provide a Quality of Service Reputation Network Throttle unknown senders Fast track legitimate senders

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18. Does Sendmail Throttle? ratecontrol ConnectionRateThrottle conncontrol

19. Asynchronous IO Non-Blocking front end Blocking Back-end Event driven Finite State Machine Management of Resources

21. Passive OS Fingerprinting 1.Look at IP packet data 2.Determine the Operating System 3.Decision to Throttle

22. OS Comparison

23. Conclusions 1.Spamming is driven by economics 2.Botnet operators need to make money 3.Slowing down spam makes it go away

24. questions@mailchannels.com Nick Shelness, Former CTO, Lotus: “I am able to report that I have been running an instance of TrafficControl in my own network for four months, and that it has reduced the volume of spam hitting my boundary MTAs on most days by approximately 95%.” +1-778-785-6143 www.mailchannels.com