1. Kinetic theory of matter, states of matter, temperature and thermal expansion. What do you smell?

2. 2 ICE CUBE Why do you smell the chocolate? 6 C Scandium 12 52 Te Tellerium 128 57 La Lanthanum 139 67 Ho Holmium 165 27 Co Cobalt 59 What happens if we heat an ice cube in an empty beaker? If I continue to heat the liquid what happens? The water turns into a gas (evaporation) and leaves the container.

3. 3 Chocolate Chocolate particles evaporate and diffuse throughout the room, some of which reach your nose. So when you smell something, those are the particles of that object traveling through the air and making physical contact with your nose, and that includes poop and farts. The Kinetic Theory of Matter says that the particles that were in someone's butt end up in your nose! YAY SCIENCE!!!

4. What Happens if I add a drop of food coloring to a glass of hot and cold water? Hot Water Cold Water 4

5. KINETIC THEORY OF MATTER All matter is made up of tiny little particles and those particles are always randomly moving. Temperature is related to the speed of the particles. – Higher temperature = faster moving and more energy. – Lower temperature = slower moving and less energy. ↑ Speed = ↑ Temperature ↓ Speed = ↓ Temperature 5 https://phet.colorado.edu/en/simulation/states-of-matter-basics

6. Three States of Matter Macroscopic Definitions Gas: Has no definite shape or volume, easily compressible, Fills its container Liquid: Constant volume, no definite shape, Takes shape of container, slightly compressible Solid : Definite volume and shape, rigid and difficult to compress Microscopic Definitions Gas: particles are far apart and move rapidly, frequently colliding with other molecules Liquid: particles are packed closely together and slide past one another. No orderly arrangement. Solid : The particles are rigidly held in place and vibrate. Orderly arrangement.

7. SOLIDLIQUIDGAS Shape Volume Particle Motion Arrangement Picture 7

8. SOLIDLIQUIDGAS Shape Volume Particle Motion Arrangement 8

9. SOLIDLIQUIDGAS Shape Rigid with a definite or Fixed Shape. Takes the shape of its container Fills a container Volume Particle Motion Arrangement 9

10. SOLIDLIQUIDGAS Shape Rigid with a definite or Fixed Shape. Takes the shape of its container Fills a container Volume Definite Volume. Not compressible. Definite volume. Slightly compressible. Indefinite volume. Easily compressible (e.g. a balloon) Particle Motion Arrangement 10

11. SOLIDLIQUIDGAS Shape Rigid with a definite or Fixed Shape. Takes the shape of its container Fills a container Volume Definite Volume. Not compressible. Definite volume. Slightly compressible. Indefinite volume. Easily compressible (e.g. a balloon) Particle Motion Particles Vibrate but are generally locked into place. Particles slide past one another (liquids can flow) Move rapidly with very high energy. Arrangement 11

12. SOLIDLIQUIDGAS Shape Rigid with a definite or Fixed Shape. Takes the shape of its container Fills a container Volume Definite Volume. Not compressible. Definite volume. Slightly compressible. Indefinite volume. Easily compressible (e.g. a balloon) Particle Motion Particles Vibrate but are generally locked into place. Particles slide past one another (liquids can flow) Move rapidly with very high energy. Arrangement Very close together in an orderly arrangement Close together but not locked into an orderly arrangement. Particles are very far apart. 12

13. Let’s Model Particle Motion 13

14. 14 Water is cramped as a solid. Water is lonely as a gas. Water parties/mingles as a liquid. Life as a water molecule!

15. 15 SOLID LIQUI D GAS MELTING FREEZING EVAPORATION CONDENSATION SUBLIMATION DEPOSITION

16. Sublimation: Dry Ice or Carbon Dioxide (CO 2 ) turns directly into gas. Deposition. precipitation forms in clouds. Frost on grass. 16 Condensation: bathroom mirror, outside of a drink with ice. Evaporation: liquid to gas, steam sweating is a cooling process. 16

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18. Phase Change of Water Lab 18

19. THERMAL EXPANSION Erlenmeyer Flask Balloon 19 What Happens if I put a balloon over an Erlenmeyer Flask and put it on a hot plate/burner? Why?

20. Volume and Temperature When you heat a substance the particles move faster and the amount of space they take up increases. 20

21. Thermal Expansion 21 Heating a metal rod causes it to grow longer! The whole will get bigger if the metal is heated.

22. DENSITY CHANGES WITH TEMPERATURE If a solid object has a mass of 24g and a volume of 12cm 3, what is its density and what will happen if it is heated? If the object expands to a volume of 16cm 3 while being heated, what is its mass new density? Solid Block Heat The Solid Expands

23. Power lines and Cars On hot days metal expands and power lines sag more than on cold days when they are tighter. 23

24. Axe-Fire Demo Density Decreases as Temperature Increases Density Increases as Temperature Decreases Substances Expand when Heated Substances Contract when Cooled T↑ V↑ D↓ T↓ V↓ D↑ 24

25. Hot Air Balloon Flight Time 25