1. Important Persuasion/ Argument Vocabulary

2. Vocabulary  Claim—writer’s position on an issue or problem; usually the last sentence in intro paragraph  Support—material that proves a claim; includes reasons and evidence  Assumptions—opinions or beliefs that are taken for granted  Counterarguments—objections to the writer’s claims; what the other side is going to claim

3. More Vocabulary  Rebuttal—arguments made to oppose (counter) opposing views  Call to Action/Call for Agreement—statement telling reader what you want him/her to do or to believe

4. Still More Vocabulary  Emotional Appeal—Uses strong feelings, rather than facts and evidence to persuade  Loaded Language—Relies on words with strongly positive or negative associations.  Appeals by Association—“Sell” a product or idea by linking it with something or someone positive or influential

5. Hooks for Non-Fiction  Shocking Statistics/Facts  Anecdotes (short stories)  Rhetorical Question  Quotation

6. Types of Support  Statistics—data, percentages, and averages drawn from RELIABLE sources  Examples—specific details that illustrate the claim  Facts—statements that can be verified in a reference source or by observation  Narratives or Anecdotes—brief stories that illustrate the point

7. More Types of Support  Expert Opinions—quotations from reliable sources—scholars, researchers, people with a great deal of experience in a field  For example, a professor at Harvard will be a better expert on the impact of global warming than Tony Hawk.  Observations or Personal Experiences— first-hand accounts of an event