1. Adrenal Glands (cortex & medulla) Aksel Taylan, Josiah Snowden, Brandon Ellsworth, Kassie Wolf and Avery Palermo 7 th 1/12/2015

2. Location The Adrenal Glands are located on the top of the kidneys.

3. Hormones, Effect, and Importance Produced by the Adrenal Medulla (inside of the gland): Epinephrine (adrenaline): increases the heart rate and force of heart contractions to help blood flow to the brain and muscles. Also helps with the conversion of glycogen to glucose in the liver. Fight or flight response Norepinephrine: leads to the squeezing of blood vessels therefore maintaining blood pressure in response to stressful situations. Produced by the Adrenal Cortex(outside): Cortisol: hormone that controls fats, proteins, and carbs. Also helps immune system by suppressing inflammatory reactions Aldosterone: regulates sodium and potassium and therefore helps maintain blood pressure and blood volume. Androgenic Steroids: converts to female and male hormones (estrogens and androgens)

4. More Info Cortex Feedback from hypothalamus and adrenocorticotropic hormone cause release of hormones Insulin counteracts cortisol Spironolactone counteracts aldosterone cyproterone acetate counteracts androgenic steroids Medulla Feedback from nerve impulses form the hypothalamus causes release of hormones Norepinephrine & epinephrine counteracted by acetylcholine

5. Not functioning Hypersecretion of hormones form the medulla can lead to prolonged sympathetic responses Hyposecretion usually has no significant effects however Cortex not functioning properly can lead to Cushing's syndrome (excess Cortisol) Feminization Precocious puberty Conn's syndrome (excess aldosterone)

6. How to fix Prescription hormone replacements if low functioning Radiation or other medications if over functioning Surgery to remove tumor on gland

7. Educational Video https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4WJj8IE83oM&featu re=player_embedded https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4WJj8IE83oM&featu re=player_embedded

8. Resources http://www.tutorvista.com/content/biology/biology-iv/chemical- coordination-animals/adrenal-glands.php http://www.tutorvista.com/content/biology/biology-iv/chemical- coordination-animals/adrenal-glands.php http://www.healthline.com/health/adrenal-glands#Treatment6 http://www.endocrineweb.com/conditions/adrenal-cancer/diseases- adrenal-cortex-adrenal-cancer http://www.endocrineweb.com/conditions/adrenal-cancer/diseases- adrenal-cortex-adrenal-cancer http://training.seer.cancer.gov/anatomy/endocrine/glands/adrenal.htm l http://training.seer.cancer.gov/anatomy/endocrine/glands/adrenal.htm l http://users.rcn.com/jkimball.ma.ultranet/BiologyPages/A/Adrenals.h tml http://users.rcn.com/jkimball.ma.ultranet/BiologyPages/A/Adrenals.h tml http://education-portal.com/academy/lesson/adrenal-gland-disorders- treatments-addisons-disease-and-prednisone.html#lesson http://education-portal.com/academy/lesson/adrenal-gland-disorders- treatments-addisons-disease-and-prednisone.html#lesson https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4WJj8IE83oM&feature=player_ embedded https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4WJj8IE83oM&feature=player_ embedded