1. Professor James Byrne Oct. 30 th 2014

2.  The Classic experiment has three components:  1. independent and dependent variables  2. pretesting and post-testing  3. experimental and control groups created via random assignment( variation on a theme: double blind experiments where neither the researcher or the subjects knows who is in experimental and control group)

3.  The Minneapolis Domestic Violence Experiment: examined the short term impact of mandatory arrest( compared to counseling, and business as usual) in misdemeanor DV cases  The Kansas City Preventive Patrol Experiment: impact of police on crime, fear, and arrests. Random assignment to one of 3 conditions--control beats (normal level of preventive patrol);proactive( 2x level of preventive patrol); reactive beats( no preventive patrol)  The Newark Foot Patrol Experiment: impact of foot patrol on crime, fear, and arrests. Random assignment to foot patrol vs motorized patrol.

4.  1. Misapplication of treatment( e.g. Minneapolis Experiment)  2. No difference in intervention between treatment and control groups( Newark Foot Patrol)  3. External Validity: the experiment does not work in real world( boutique programs; research rich interventions)

5.  1. History: outside events that could also explain findings( e.g. research in 70’s on impact of laws to reduce drunk driving)  2. Maturation: people change: example-age and binge drinking  3. Testing: subjects become sensitive to responses example- drinking/drug use surveys( pre-post)  4. Instrumentation: changes in measurement over time ( example-hate crime)  5. Statistical Regression: selecting subjects with extreme scores on a dependent variable, such as chronic offenders.  6.Selection Bias: picking good risks example- drug courts, bail research  7.Experimental Mortality: Dallas Women in Policing Study; boot camp  8. Diffusion of Tx( targeted community policing) and Compensatory Tx( Kansas City Ex )

6.  1. Sample Size: Rand Study of ISP in 14 locations  2. Target group selection ( e.g. research study on certainty of incarceration by Weisburd; ISP refusals at two sites)  3. Lack of researcher control over random assignment: Minneapolis Experiment  4. After the fact random assignment: Project Hope in Hawaii