1. Chapter 14 Intravenous Iodinated Contrast

2. Why use IV Contrast ____________ System ___________ System _______

3. Terms to know ____________ –To separate into ions; to dissociate atoms or molecules into electrically charged atoms ____________ – The capability of being dissolved

4. More Terms ____________ – Movement of a solvent across a semipermiable membrane from a lower region to a higher region ___________ – The number of dissolved ions in a solution. The concentration of a solution. ___________ Pressure –The force that a dissolved substance exerts on a semipermeable membrane.

5. More Terms ____________ – No change in cell volume. ______________ – Increase in osmotic pressure. ______________ –Decrease in osmotic pressure ______________ –The ability of a fluid to flow easily

6. Iodinated Contrast ______________ 2 types – Ionic and Non-ionic

7. Ionic Contrast Basic Structure 6 sided ring: –3 ________ atoms __________ element –__________ Negative charged –Stabilize and detoxify –___________ Positive charge –Salt, increase solubility

8. Ionic Contrast Breaks apart into _____________ –Anion –Cation __________– Ratio –_________particles

9. Ionic Continued Increase ______________ Increase ____________Pressure Hypertonic ___________ chance of a reaction

10. Non-Ionic Same basic structure Replaces ____________with ____________elements.

11. Non-Ionic Contrast _____________break apart. Decreased ____________ –__________ chance of a reaction __________ – Ratio

12. Prior to injecting GET AN _________________________!!! Thorough history needs to be obtained –Any allergies –____________ sensitivity –Sickle Cell –Kidney problems (Stones don’t count) –______________, hay fever –Prior reaction with X-ray contrast –Diabetic –On ___________

13. Prior to Injecting Con’t BUN and Creatinine levels: –Creatinine - ______________ –BUN – _______________

14. If there are contraindications Notify ____________ May still be possible with prep.

15. Drawing up the contrast Review your ‘6’ rights –________ –Drug –__________ –Route –___________ –Documentation

16. Common feelings During injection –____________feeling (due to osmotic events) –____________ taste –Nausea Watch for _____________

17. Reactions Generally happen within first __________. Stay with the patient at a minimum ______________ ________ with the patient and watch for any signs.

18. Reaction Categories Mild - ___________ Effect Moderate - ___________ Reaction Severe - ___________Reaction Organ Specific

19. Vasomotor Effect Mild Technologist _________ –Anxiety –Nausea / Vomiting –Mild, scattered Hives (uticaria) –Lightheaded –_____________ –Extravasation Symptoms pass ___________

20. Anaphylactic Mild or Moderate Technologist ____________ –Excessive urticaria (hives) –___________ –Laryngospasm –Bronchospasm –_____________ –Hypotension –Excessive ___________

21. Vasovagal Severe Technologist ______________!!!!!!!! –Hypotension –______________ –Cardiac or respiratory arrest –Loss of consciousness –_________________ –Laryngeal edema –________________ –Difficulty Breathing –Shock

22. Organ-Specific Severe Cardiac – ___________ Respiratory - Pulmonary Edema Vascular - Thrombosis Nervous - _____________ Renal - Complete or Temporary failure ____________show immediate symptoms

23. Prepare for a reaction Make sure informed consent is signed Approx _________________die –Current practice uses __________ only decreasing the chance Know reaction protocol in department

24. Preperation Know where the _________is and have it accessible. _____________leave the patient alone If need be _________________

25. Post injection Monitor pt for ______________ Continue with exam Normal kidney will excrete __________ of contrast within __________

26. What else to watch for Kidneys will show once _________ is filtered through A ______________contrast progression