1. Neolithic Spatial Practices

2. I. Neolithic religious sites: Humans mark the land with reference to the sky, seasons

3. I. Stonehenge Carnac, France Avebury, England 1. 2. Maes Howe tomb, England

4. I. A. Historical context: Neolithic (“New Stone Age”: 8,000-3,000 BC): small game hunting, livestock agriculture, storage of surplus extra-terrestrial powers (the skies) signs of social hierarchies sedentary living; first signs of urbanism Stonehenge Carnac, France Avebury, England

5. Stonehenge, England, c. 2750-1000 B.C. I. A.

6. Stonehenge I. A.

7. Stonehenge Restoration in 1901 As a tourist attraction today I. A.

8. I. B. Formal analysis: Name four important features of many Neolithic spaces Stonehenge 1. Regular geometries 2. Alignment with celestial signs 3. Circumscription and accent 4. Axial relationships

9. I. C. Form linked to world view: How might these formal features be a response to some of the conditions of the Neolithic age listed above? agriculture extra-terrestrial powers (the skies) signs of sedentary living and hierarchical social organization Stonehenge

10. I. C. agriculture extra-terrestrial powers (the skies) signs of sedentary living and hierarchical social organization Stonehenge

11. trabeation lintel post I. B. Stonehenge

12. I. C. tongue and grove mortise and tenon

13. I. C. 1. Why wouldn’t an organic plan and multi-form surfaces have satisfied a Neolithic culture’s needs and understanding of the world? Paleolithic Lascaux CaveNeolithic Stonehenge

14. I. D. Stonehenge in detail as a purposefully designed sacred ritual space Stonehenge 1. How is the ritual of gathering reflected in the design of Stonehenge? 4.

15. I. D. 2. How is Stonehenge a sustained architectural artifact in detailing compared to many other Neolithic sites(Kostof)? Stonehenge a. aesthetic experience linked to structure (not applied decoration)

16. I. D. 2. b. optical and tactile refinements of Stonehenge Stonehenge