1. Illinois State MuseumDickson Mounds Can Archaeology Inform Wetland Restoration and Management? A Case Study from Emiquon Michael D. Wiant, Terrance J. Martin, Bonnie W. Styles Illinois State Museum

2. Illinois State MuseumDickson Mounds

3. Morton Site Excavation

4. Illinois State MuseumDickson Mounds Discovery & Recovery of Plant & Animal Remains

5. Illinois State MuseumDickson Mounds Morton Site Feature 224

6. Illinois State MuseumDickson Mounds Morton Site Feature 224 Animal Remains Birds: wild turkey, large duck, small duck, great blue heron Turtles: large slider, variety of pond turtles, snapping turtle, large softshell Mammals: white-tailed deer, beaver, raccoon, muskrat, fox squirrel, elk Fish: bowfin, black bass and sunfish, channel catfish and bullheads, northern pike, redhorse sucker, gar

7. Illinois State MuseumDickson Mounds Can Archaeology Inform Wetland Restoration and Management? ConsiderationsConsiderations –Availability of contemporary and/or historical data –Historical data vis a vis the timing of system-altering transformations Forbes & Richardson 1908

8. Illinois State MuseumDickson Mounds Can Archaeology Inform Wetland Restoration and Management? ConsiderationsConsiderations –Preservation (Natural) –Sampling (Archaeological method) –Recovery (Archaeological method) –Duration & Frequency of occupation (Indigenous culture – Archaeological method) –Technology (Indigenous culture – Archaeological method) –Habitat target (Indigenous culture – Archaeological method) –Selection (Indigenous culture – Archaeological method) –Processing (Indigenous culture – Archaeological method) –Cultural change (Evolution) –Natural change (Nature)

9. Illinois State MuseumDickson Mounds Selected Archaeological Sites in the Illinois River Valley Koster Newbridge Liverpool Lake Rench

10. Illinois State MuseumDickson Mounds Nominal Data for Fish Assemblages : Koster XI (8000bp), Newbridge (1500bp), Rench (1500bp), & Liverpool Lake (1100bp)

11. Illinois State MuseumDickson Mounds Proportional data for Fish Assemblages : Koster XI (8000bp), Newbridge (1500bp), Rench (1500bp), & Liverpool Lake (1100bp)

12. Illinois State MuseumDickson Mounds Rank Based on Percent of MNI Koster XI 8000 bp Newbridge 1500 bp Rench 1500 bp Liverpool Lake 1100 bp Indeterminate catfish (50%) 1 Black bullhead (21%) 1 Freshwater drum (15%) 1 Bowfin (22%) 1 Catfish (15%) 2 Sunfish (10%) 2 Channel catfish/blue catfish (9%) 2 Brown bullhead (12%) 2 Minnow (9%) 3 Bowfin (10%) 3 Bowfin (8%) 3 Largemouth bass (10%) 3 Indeterminate sucker (7%) 4 Yellow bullhead (10%) 4 Northern pike (5%) 4 Gar (9%) 4 Gar (6%) 5 Channel catfish (9%) 5 Buffalo (5%) 5 Sunfish (5%) 5

13. Illinois State MuseumDickson Mounds Can Archaeology Inform Wetland Restoration and Management? ConclusionsConclusions –Nominally, the archaeologically recovered fish assemblages provide general information about past ecosystems –Proportional data provides cultural and ecosystem information, but it is difficult to tease-out meaning, respectively –Archaeological data contributes valuable perspective on wetland restoration and management