1. Aim: How did nation states develop in Latin America? Do Now: What is liberty? What would you be willing to ensure your own or your countries Liberty? Do think it was insincere for the French people to lead the revolution to the motto of Liberty, Equality, Fraternity and simultaneously deny freedom to men outside of their country? COACH SMITH

2. The American and French Revolutions spread the idea that people were entitled to a government that protected their interests.

3. COACH SMITH When Napoleon conquered Spain, Latin Americans were able to govern themselves.

4. REASONS FOR NATIONALIST MOVEMENTS Latin Americans resented restrictions that forbade them to trade with countries other than Spain. Latin Americans resented restrictions that prevented them from manufacturing their own goods. The American and French Revolutions encouraged freedom and self-rule. COACH SMITH

5. After Napoleon’s defeat, many Latin American colonies refused to return to Spanish rule and demanded independence.

6. COACH SMITH Toussaint L’Ouverture led an uprising of African slaves in 1791, forcing the French out of Haiti.

7. COACH SMITH Haiti was the first Latin American colony to achieve independence.

8. COACH SMITH Simon Bolivar defeated Spanish forces between 1819 and 1825, liberating Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru and Bolivia.

9. COACH SMITH Jose de San Martin worked to liberate Argentina and Chile from Spanish rule in the years 1816 to 1818.

10. COACH SMITH Miguel Hidalgo, a priest, began a rebellion against Spanish rule in Mexico in 1810, but the uprising failed. Mexico later achieved its independence in 1821.

11. COACH SMITH President Monroe of the United States issued the Monroe Doctrine in 1823. It stated the United States would oppose any attempt by Europeans to establish new colonies in the Americas.

12. COACH SMITH The Monroe Doctrine made it clear to the world that the United States had special interests in the Western Hemisphere.

13. COACH SMITH After independence, dictatorships, unstable governments, and poverty affected many Latin American nations. Land and wealth remained in the hands of a small elite. Caudillos or military leaders ruled in some places.

14. QUESTIONS FOR REFLECTION: What were the causes of the Latin American independence movements? Who was Toussaint L ’ Ouverture and what did he accomplish? What were the accomplishments of Simon Bolivar and Jose de San Martin? Compare and contrast Miguel Hidalgo and Toussaint L ’ Ouverture. What happened to the newly independent nations? COACH SMITH