1. REACTION, REVOLUTION, ROMANTICISM Chapter 21

2. The Conservative Order (1815-1830)  What were the goals of the Congress of Vienna and the Concert of Europe, and how successful were they in achieving these goals?

3. Peace Settlement

4. Other strategy more practical  Russia, Austria, Prussia all had claims on Poland  Prussia, Austria got some  “New” Poland under Russian Romanov monarchs  Prussia got 2/5s of Saxony, Westphalia, Left Bank of Rhine  Austria lost Netherlands and got Lombardy and Venetia

5. Peace Settlement

6. Conservatism

8. Interventionism

9. LLatin America Simón Bolívar “the liberator” freed Colombia (1819) and Venezuela (1821), José San Martín freed Chile (1817), Bolívar & Martín freed Peru (1824), Mexico and Brazil followed EEngland stopped Concert of Europe from intervention with its navy, and soon dominated Latin American economy MMonroe Doctrine (1823) – Western Hemisphere is closed! LLatin America became source of raw materials, not industrialization

10.  Designed to prevent revolution, it could also be used to support revolution if in the interest of the Concert  1821: Greeks revolted against Ottoman Turks  Greeks had been allowed to maintain language and Greek Orthodox faith under Muslim rule  Revival of Greek national sentiment in early 19 th century supported by British and French in 1827  Russia declared war against Ottomans in 1828  Treaty of Adrianople (1829) stated Europeans could decide Greece’s fate  1830: declared independent

11. Conservative Domination

12. Liberalism Nationalism Early Socialism Reactions to Conservatism

13. Liberalism

14. Nationalism RRose up out of the French Revolution NNation = community of institutions, traditions, language, customs EEach nationality should have its own government GGermans should have one central government HHungarians deserved self-determination away from German subjugation NNationalism and Liberalism became strong allies LLiberals believed liberty could be realized only by peoples ruling themselves NNationalists believed once each people obtained own state, all nations could be linked into a broader community of humanity

15. Early Socialism

16. Another French Revolution

17. Revolutionary Outbursts of 1830 BBelgium rose up against Dutch European powers accepted independence MMetternich sent Austrian troops to crush revolts in Italian states RRussians crushed Polish revolt WWhigs took power in Britain and introduced reforms to make the middle class happy LLiberals repealed Corn Laws to create free trade

18. French Revolution of 1848 11846: Industrial and agricultural depression GGovernment refused to extend suffrage to middle class AAdolphe Thiers agitated for dismissal of Louis-Philippe 1847-1848: held banquets to raise money and calling for reforms February 22 1848: government forbade a grand banquet people revolted, Louis-Philippe abdicated and fled to London

19. AP Mustache of the year nominee

20. European revolts = FAILURE

21. Romanticism  Emotion, sentiment, inner feelings  Individualism – interest in unique traits of each person  Desire to follow inner drives  Long hair, beards, outrageous clothes  Heroism  Historical focus  Gothic Literature  Love of Nature  Pantheism –  God is everywhere Lord Byron

22. Romanticism  All artistic expression was a reflection of inner feelings  Rejected principles of Classicism  Beauty is not timeless  Depends on culture and age  Warmth, emotion, movement Antoine-Jean Gros “Napoleon on the Battlefield of Eylau ” 1808 Joseph Turner Slavers Throwing Overboard the Dead and Dying, Typhoon Coming On [The Slave Ship] 1840 Eugene Delacroix, “Liberty Leading the People” 1830