1. MORAL ACCOUNTABILITY ̶ A NEW PROFESSIONALISM?

2. 1.What is a profession? four key actors: practitioners, users, states and universities (Burrage & Torstendahl 1990) fifth actor: role of the employing organization (Julia Evetts 2011) “In the case of most contemporary service occupations … professionalism is being imposed from above and for the most part this means by the employers and managers of the service organizations in which these professionals work” (Evetts 2011)

3. 2.My view of professionalism 3.Yehudi Menuhin Mus-E ̶ International Yehudi Menuhin Foundation (IYMF) The Yehudi Menuhin School (1963) Live Music Now (LMN) with Ian Stoutzker (1967)

4. 4.José Antonio Abreu ̶̶ El Sistema 2013: National Alliance of El Sistema Inspired Programs (NAESIP) UNESCO ̶̶ Special Ambassador for the development of a Global Network of Youth and Children orchestras and choirs (1995) National Children's Youth Orchestra ̶ Simón Bolívar Youth Orchestra (1990s) Britain: Lloyd Webber chairman of the steering group of In Harmony

5. El Sistema projects in the USA Union City Music Project (UCMP), Union City, New Jersey Conservatory Lab Charter School, Boston, Massachusetts OrchKids at the Luckerman Bundy Elementary School, Baltimore, Maryland YOLA (Youth Orchestra of Los Angeles), Los Angeles, California YOSA (Youth Orchestra of San Antonio) at the Music Learning Center, West San Antonio, Texas Soundscapes, Newport News, Virginia Play on Philly!, Philadelphia, PA Atlanta Music Project, Atlanta, Georgia MYCincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio UpBeat NYC, Bronx, New York WHIN Music Project, Washington Heights-Inwood, New York

6. 5.South Africa John Roos: Unisa Music Foundation (1998) Dr Fannie Sebolela: Khensani Primary School

7. Expenditure on arts and museums per capita in pounds (USA 1998) Finland 59.2 Germany56.5 France37.8 Sweden37.5 Netherlands30.3 Canada29.9 UK16.6 Australia16.4 USA 3.8

8. Arts funding in the United States 1Direct public funding NEA, state, regional, and local arts agencies 2Other public funding, direct and indirect various federal departments and agencies 3Private sector contributions individuals; foundations; corporations BUT State arts agencies: 0.037% from state (Fiscal Year 2014)

9. Revenue Sources of Not-for-Profit Performing Arts Groups & Museums in U.S. 40.7% earned income 20.3% individuals 14.4% interest and endowment income 9.5% foundations 8.4% corporations_______________ 3.3% local. 2.2% state. 1.2% federal____________________ 6.7%

10. 7.A proposed new professionalism Training to raise funds Beyond eisteddfods and examinations A broader perspective on music making

11. Personal Participation in Various Arts or Creative Activities (USA 2008) 1 23 Adults in millions taking As % of total Adults in millions playing part in the arts adult population a musical instrument (224.8 million) 18 to 24 years old28.912.865.9 25 to 34 years old 39.917.753.7 35 to 44 years old41.818.593.0 45 to 54 years old 43.919.592.5 55 to 64 years old33.314.812.4 65 to 74 years old19.9 8.851.8 75 years old and older17.1 7.6 1.4

12. Of the total adult population of 224.8 million 114.2 million adults older than 45 years took part in the arts 8.1 million adults older than 45 years played a musical instrument (classical music) in 2008.