1. The Promise of FIRST Toledo 12 - 15 December 2000, page: 1 A SUB-MILLIMETRE SATELLITE FOR ASTRONOMY & AERONOMY ODIN

2. The Promise of FIRST Toledo 12 - 15 December 2000, page: 2 THE ODIN ASTRONOMY TEAM Bergman, PerBergvall, NilsBernath, Peter Black, JohnBooth, RoyBuat, Véronique Crovisier, JaquesCurry, CharlesEncrenaz, Pierre Falgarone, EdithFich, MichelFeldman, Paul Frisk, UrbanGahm, GöstaGerin, Maryvonne Gregersen, ErikHarju, JormaHasegawa, Tatsuhiko Heikkilä, ArtoHjalmarson, ÅkeHorellou, Cathy Johansson, Lars-EBKwok, SunLagerqvist, Claes-Ingvar Larsson, BengtLecacheux, AlainLiljeström, Tarja Liseau, RenéLorne, AveryMattila, Kalevi Mitchell, GeorgeNordh, LennartNyman, Lars-Åke Olberg, Michael Olofsson, GöranOlofsson, Hans Rickman, HansRistorcelli, IsabelleRydbeck, Gustaf Sandqvist, AageSerra, Guy (†15 August 2000) Tothill, Nick Volk, KevinWiklind, TommyWilson, Christine Winnberg, Anders http://www.ssc.se/ssd/ssat/odin.html

3. The Promise of FIRST Toledo 12 - 15 December 2000, page: 3 THE ODIN SPACECRAFT  Launch : 2001 on Start-1 (Svobodny, Russia)  Orbit: circular synchronous (620 km, ascending node @ 18:00)  Lifetime: 2 yr (minimum) Platform : 3-axis stabilised w. reaction wheels, star trackers & gyros Mass: 250 kg ( Bus: 170 kg, Payload: 80 kg) Height: 2.0 m, Width: 1.1 m stored/ 3.8 m operational Power: 340 W (deployable, fixed arrays) Cooling: 120 K (closed cycle Stirling) Datalink : > 720 kbit/s (Esrange, Sweden) Storage: > 100 Mbyte (solid state memory)  Telescope : 1.1 m offset Gregorian  Material: CFRP skins on honeycomb  Surface: 8  m primary, 5  m secondary (rms)  Pointing: 15 arcsec (staring), (1.2 arcmin scanning, aeronomy)

4. The Promise of FIRST Toledo 12 - 15 December 2000, page: 4 ODIN RECEIVERS & SPECTROMETERS Front-Ends Schottky diodes (120 K, Stirling cooled) 480 - 580 GHz: 4 tunable receivers (17 GHz)  System Noise Temperature: 2300 K (SSB) 119 GHz: 1 fixed receiver (InP HEMT)  System Noise Temperature: 500 K (SSB) Back-Ends 2 digital hybrid autocorrelators (HAC) 1 acousto-optical spectrometer (AOS) (3 filters - 40 MHz: aeronomy)

5. The Promise of FIRST Toledo 12 - 15 December 2000, page: 5 ODIN SENSITIVITY t int = 15 min for S/N = 5 (incl. chopping) submm 1 K, 1 MHz mm0.5 K, 150 kHz

6. The Promise of FIRST Toledo 12 - 15 December 2000, page: 6 ODIN RECEIVERS & SPECTROMETERS C: 118.24 - 119. 25 GHz A2: 486.1 - 503.9 GHz A1: 541.0 - 558.0 GHz B2: 547.0 - 564.0 GHz B1: 568.0 - 580.4 GHz Spectrometer: Bandwidth - Resolution AOS : 1000 MHz - 1 MHz Correlators : 4 x 200 MHz - 1 MHz 4 x 100 MHz - 500 kHz 2 x 100 MHz - 250 kHz 1 x 100 MHz - 125 kHz (0.07 km s -1 @ 557 GHz)

7. The Promise of FIRST Toledo 12 - 15 December 2000, page: 7 ODIN RECEIVERS & SPECTROMETERS C: 118.24 - 119. 25 GHz A2: 486.1 - 503.9 GHzA1: 541.0 - 558.0 GHz B2: 547.0 - 564.0 GHz B1: 568.0 - 580.4 GHz O2O2 H 2 O 557 NH 3 O2O2 [C I] ( 3 P 1 - 3 P 0 ) 492 CO (5-4) 576 572 487 119 C 18 O (5-4) 549 13 CO (5-4) 551 H 2 18 O 548 H 2 17 O 552 CS 490 HDO 490 HD 18 O 493, 502 [ 13 C I] ( 3 P 1 - 3 P 0 ) 492 (F = 1/2-1/2, 3/2-1/2)

8. The Promise of FIRST Toledo 12 - 15 December 2000, page: 8 ODIN RECEIVERS & SPECTROMETERS C: 118.24 - 119. 25 GHz A2: 486.1 - 503.9 GHzA1: 541.0 - 558.0 GHz B2: 547.0 - 564.0 GHz B1: 568.0 - 580.4 GHz O2O2 H 2 O 557 NH 3 O2O2 [C I] ( 3 P 1 - 3 P 0 ) 492 CO (5-4) 576 572 487 119 C 18 O (5-4) 549 13 CO (5-4) 551 H 2 18 O 548 H 2 17 O 552 SWAS [ 13 C I] ( 3 P 1 - 3 P 0 ) 492 (F = 1/2-1/2, 3/2-1/2)

9. The Promise of FIRST Toledo 12 - 15 December 2000, page: 9 ODIN RECEIVERS & SPECTROMETERS A2: 486.1 - 503.9 GHzA1: 541.0 - 558.0 GHz B2: 547.0 - 564.0 GHz B1: 568.0 - 580.4 GHz H 2 O 557 NH 3 O2O2 572 487 FIRST - HIFI BAND 1 480 GHz___________________________________640 GHz

10. The Promise of FIRST Toledo 12 - 15 December 2000, page: 10 LOW-LYING LEVELS OF O 2 & NH 3

11. The Promise of FIRST Toledo 12 - 15 December 2000, page: 11 O 2 LINE STRENGTHS if 119 & 487 GHz optically thin, thermalised & EXTENDED: F 1 =  1  1 = 1  1 A 1 n 1 = 2 A 1 g 1 e  12 /kT F 2    2   2 A 2 n 2 1 A 2 g 2 F 118.8  1.3 e 20.7 K/T F 487.3 then 119 GHz 10 times stronger @ 10 K

12. The Promise of FIRST Toledo 12 - 15 December 2000, page: 12 NH 3 ENERGY LEVELS Transition E/k  A (J,K) - (J,K) (K) (GHz) (  m) (s -1 ) (1,0) - (0,0) 29 572 524 1.6 10 -3 (1,1) 24 241.3 10 4 1.7 10 -7 (2,2) 65 241.3 10 4 2.3 10 -7 (2,0) - (1,0) 87 1215 247 1.2 10 -2 (2,1) s - (1,1) a 82 1215 247 1.4 10 -2 (2,1) a - (1,1) s 80 1168 257 1.2 10 -2

13. The Promise of FIRST Toledo 12 - 15 December 2000, page: 13 NH 3 (J=1-0, K=0) 572 GHz LINE 2-level approximation: T R = hc 3 X(o-NH 3 ) N(H 2 ) n(H 2 )  lu X  k   V X n crit  e /n(H 2 ) n crit  e /n(H 2 ) + g lu /g ul + 1 easily detectable: n(H 2 ) = 10 4 cm -3, A V = 10 m T R = 0.5 K for T = 20 K, X(NH 3 ) = 10 -7  V = 1 km s -1

14. The Promise of FIRST Toledo 12 - 15 December 2000, page: 14 + HIGH-LYING LEVELS OF H 2 O & HDO

15. The Promise of FIRST Toledo 12 - 15 December 2000, page: 15 TELESCOPE BEAMS SWAS 553 GHz 3.’3 x 4.’5 FIRST 557 GHz 39’’ ODIN 540 GHz 2.’2 ISO 1670 GHz 80’’ FIRST 1670 GHz 13’’

16. The Promise of FIRST Toledo 12 - 15 December 2000, page: 16 ODIN SCIENCE Topic Prio 1 Topic Prio 1 ISM & Star Formation 65.5% Galaxies & Cosmology 16.5% Solar System 6.5% Spectral Scans 6.0% Post-MS Evolution 5.5%

17. The Promise of FIRST Toledo 12 - 15 December 2000, page: 17 ODIN SCIENCE  Giant Molecular Clouds & Hot Cores  Dark Clouds & Cold Cores  Flows, Shocks & Cloud Edges/PDRs  Exotic Chemistry & High Latitude Clouds  Galactic Centre & Galactic Plane ISM / STAR FORMATION: SURVEYS of

18. The Promise of FIRST Toledo 12 - 15 December 2000, page: 18 ODIN SCIENCE LARGE SCALE STAR FORMATION... … and on the SMALL SCALE

19. The Promise of FIRST Toledo 12 - 15 December 2000, page: 19 PROTOSTAR INFALL MODELS: B335 H 2 O (1 10 -1 01 ) 557 GHz (ortho-to-para = 3) SWAS 3  limit log X(H 2 O) = -7 (ApJ Lett 539) ODIN limit log X(H 2 O) = -8 Expected log X(H 2 O) = -5 Expected log X(H 2 O) = -6 Hartstein & Liseau (1998) AA 332, 703

20. The Promise of FIRST Toledo 12 - 15 December 2000, page: 20 PROTOSTAR INFALL MODELS: B335 FIRST & H 2 O (ortho-to-para = 3) para ortho 557 1670 GHz 538.3 179.5  m 1113 988 GHz 269.3 303.5  m

21. The Promise of FIRST Toledo 12 - 15 December 2000, page: 21 THANKS FOR YOUR ATTENTION LAUNCH: 15 FEBRUARY 2001

22. The Promise of FIRST Toledo 12 - 15 December 2000, page: 22 O 2 LINE STRENGTHS if 119 & 487 GHz optically thin, thermalised & POINTLIKE: F 1 =  1  1 f beam 1  [ f beam -> 0 ]  ( 1 /  ) 3 A 1 g 1 e  12 /kT F 2    2 f beam 2 A 2 g 2 F 118.8  0.005 e 20.7 K/T F 487.3 then 119 GHz 30 times weaker @ 10 K

23. The Promise of FIRST Toledo 12 - 15 December 2000, page: 23 ODIN OBSERVING PLAN Topic tot No of Obs No of Priority 1 (obs / sources) Star Formation73548 / 24 GMCs39642 / 16 Shocks/Outflows23215 / 5 Orion15224 / 1 Dark Clouds 9018 / 10 Cloud Edges/PDRs 8813 / 4 High Latitude Clouds 4012 / 4 Galactic Plane81727 / 9 Galactic Centre10516 / 9 Magellanic Clouds 9112 / 5 Galaxies 40 5 / 5 Primordial Molecules serendipity mode Evolved Stars 6412 / 7 Spectral Scans 4 0 / 3 Solar System target of opportunity mode Exotic Chemistry 34 11 / 9 Absorption Studies 31 / 27 Calibration Sources na na / 11

24. The Promise of FIRST Toledo 12 - 15 December 2000, page: 24 THE ODIN RADIOMETER

25. The Promise of FIRST Toledo 12 - 15 December 2000, page: 25 ODIN RECEIVERS & SPECTROMETERS C: 118.24 - 119. 25 GHz O 3 (1 11 - 0 00 ) 118.36 C 3 HD (2 21 - 1 10 ) 118.64 HO 2 (2 12 - 1 11, 2 3/2 - 1 1/2 ) 119.15 NH 2 CN (6 16 - 5 15, 0 - 0) 119.17 CH 3 CHO C 2 H 5 OH C 3 N HCCCN … etc