1. In The Name of Allah Microbial Enhanced Oil Recovery By: M.S. Karambeigi Supervisor: Dr. M. Ranjbar Dr. M. Schaffie June 2007 Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman

2. In This Representation: Introduction Microorganisms products Microorganisms Interactions Bacterial transport through porous media Micromodels application in MEOR MEOR case studies Economic considerations Artificial intelligence in MEOR

3. Introduction History Microorganism growth Suitable strain for MEOR Suitable reservoirs for MEOR Microorganisms products

4. Growth phases of microorganisms

5. Suitable Strain For MEOR Acceptable growth and movement ability Small in size Noticeable production of requisite materials Adaptation in hard conditions: Corrosion Low o 2 concentration Temperature, pressure, salinity Simple and available requisite nutrient

6. Suitable Reservoirs For MEOR Density >18 API (10-35-API) Viscosity >20 cp (10-5000 cp) Salinity < 1000 ppm 4<PH <9 Average permeability >75 md Temperature <75 c Pressure <2000 atm

7. Microorganisms products Biopolymer Biosurfactant bioemolcifier Enzyme

8. Biopolymer Biopolymer production Biopolymer types (solubility point view) Soluble (xanthan) Insoluble(dextran) Methanol precipitation indicator Simulation parameters: Nutrient consumption Biomass variation

9. Biosurfactant Effective parameters on Biosurfactant production: Growth conditions PH Salinity Core length Suitable nutrient Phase behavior based on CMC Before CMC After CMC

10. Bioemolsifier Definition Chemical analysis Effective parameters on bioemolsifier production: Bioemolsifier composition Growth conditions of cells PH Salinity

11. Enzyme Enzyme advantage Fast production Low requisite nutrient Lack of log time Environmental adaptation Lack of toxicity Application : Biodegradation

12. Aerobic Application Why aerobic and it's problems? Calculations: The most consumption of o 2 : 400 gr o 2 / m 3 oil Biomass production C:N:O= 1:2:1 C:N:P=100:10:2 Requisite air:

13. Microorganisms Interactions Virus and Bacteria Interactions Fungi and Bacteria Interactions In-situ & Ex-situ Strain Interactions Strain/Sand Interactions

14. Virus and Bacteria Interactions Lytic process Permeability Surface phenomena Vaccination A good idea

15. Test Method

16. Vaccination

17. Fungi and Bacteria Interactions Poly-cyclic Aromatics Fungi products Effective parameters on interactions: Additive materials Cycles number Competition and Co-culture

18. Co-culture Effect

19. In-situ & Ex-situ Strain Interactions Separation methods Simple complex A case study Strain products Interactions

20. Strain/Sand Interactions What will happen after attachment: Biofilm production Wettability alteration Reversibility Sand attchment test Optic density Effective parameters: Time Shear stress Sand increment Cell increment Cell density

21. Test Apparatus

22. Adsorption

23. Detachment

24. Cell Increment Effect

25. Bacterial transport through porous media Bacteria Selection For Penetration Motility and Size Effect on Transfer Bacteria Penetration Microbial plugging Transfer Modeling

26. Bacteria Selection For Penetration Filtration bed: Concentration Spores Retention reasons Retention calculations:

27. Motility and Size Effect on Transfer Effective parameters on it: Surface property Bacteria size (starve or vegetative) Cell hydrophobic property Surface change of cells Injection flow rate Results: Motility and size have not important effect on transport. so we use another parameter for.

28. Flow Rate and Motility Interaction Effect

29. Dimensionless Flux Ratio

30. Bacteria Penetration Penetration rate Model Permeability Motility Isotropy Content of flask B Cross section of transfer environment Pore throat Bacteria length

31. Penetration Time Motile cells

32. Growth Chamber

33. Effect of Permeability and Length on Penetration Rate

34. Effect of Permeability and Pore volume on Penetration Rate

35. Alder and Dahl Indicator K < 100 mdK > 100 md

36. Microbial plugging what`s the problem? Plugging methods Microbial plugging Advantages Procedure Permeability reduction test Results: Permeability reduction level Permeability reduction effect on recovery Metabolism progress effect on recovery The weakest place of plugging operation Change cross flow pattern The highest The best permeability contrast sweep efficiency

37. The Model

38. PRF

39. Transfer Modeling Some problems in this concept: Lack of theory of prediction of bacteria movement Equilibrium adsorption Filtration Bacteria detachment Pore throat Cells growth and death

40. Considerations: neglect cells growth neglect cell-cell interactions

41. Colloidal Filtration theory Considerations: Hydrodynamics dispersion Steady-state Irreversibility adsorption

42. Micromodel Micromodel manufacture methods : Chemical Laser Research introduction kinds of strains and micromodels Purpose Pattern design Pore area distribution Results: Vertical fractured Inclined fractured Horizontal fractured

43. Fracture Pattern

44. Micromodel

45. Strain 2Strain 1

46. Strain 2 Strain 1

47. Strain 2Strain 1

48. Results Recovery of Water flooding before MEOR(%) Incremental Recovery of Strain 1 relative to water flooding(%) Vertical fractured 43+25-22 Inclined fractured 37.95+29-43 Horizontal fractured 11.1+3.20.0

49. MEOR case studies MEOR Success Pilot MEOR Field MEOR

50. MEOR Success Study of 322 projects in USA(1995) Success percent Enhanced oil recovery Rock type Limiting parameters Economic considerations NV ROI Expenditures

51. Pilot MEOR Pilot MEOR : Characterization It's purpose Results EOR calculations

52. Experimental Design results

53. Oil Rate

54. Water Cut

55. Field MEOR Characterization Well selection Huff & Puff advantage Injection conditions Results

56. Vertical well

57. Steps 1&2

58. Steps 3&4&5

59. Horizontal well

60. Economic considerations Location Year Expenditure ($/m 3 oil) 1 North sea_ Recovery19920.84 - 4.6 2 North sea_ Sulfate removal19920.8 3 USA@322 projects19950.25-5 4 Argentina @Pilot19992-5.1 5 Argentina @Field20012.98-6.05 6 Argentina @Field_ Great scale20011.39-2.35 7 USA @Phoenix field19762.23 8 USA @Mink field19763.23

61. Artificial intelligence in MEOR What is neural network Application What is fuzzy logic Application Our research: Introduction Methods Results and discussion

62. Neural Networks Application Input : Biosurfactant concentration Out put : IFT reduction Purpose : determine CMC and CMEC by NN Results Weakness of ANN…or !? Solution

63. ANN_Feed Forward result for 17 points

64. ANN_Feed Forward result for 12 points

65. Curve Fitting

66. Total Results ANN CF Math.

67. Fuzzy Logic Application Input : Rock and Injection property Output : S or recovery Rules : Expert system ANFIS Results and discussion

68. INTRODUCTION:

70. Train for 8-8 group

71. Test for 8-8 group

72. Train for 11-5 group

73. Test for 11-5 group

74. Thanks For Your Attention