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CULTURAL CHANGE Acculturation – adapting yourself by taking on the traits of a new culture (music, language, foods, etc.) Diffusion – spread of one culture to another
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New vs Old Globalization – world connections increase and cultures become more alike – Companies are found in different nations – Music & clothing styles spread quickly
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Traditionalism – oppose new ideas and desire to maintain the old ways Fundamentalism – where traditional customs are reinforced by a strict religion
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Demography
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Industrial Revolution & Urbanization – Towns & cities grew up around factories – Cities also grew as centers of the exchange of goods, particularly along rivers & seacoasts – This increased urbanization – movement of people to cities
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Factors Influencing Where People Settle Physical Factors Human Factors Climate Natural Resources Bodies of Water Landforms Level of Technology Transportation Routes Economic Activities Urbanization
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Physical Factors Affecting Settlement Temperate climate Fertile soil Near fresh water Fewer in dry, wet, cold, or mountainous
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Human Factors Affecting Settlement Near political or economic centers Along transportation routes (coastlines, roads, railroad lines, airports) Areas with improving technology Urbanization – Poor moving in seeking jobs – More well-off people moving to newer homes outside city center - suburbs
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Population Density Maps Population density – how many people live per square mile in a given area – EX: U.S. has ___ people per sq. mi. A pop. density map shows how densely populated in that area as well as distribution Dot population maps uses dots to show the location of major towns and how concentrated they are
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Work this example in your notes The U.S. covers almost 4,000,000 square miles. The U.S. has approximately 312,000,000 people. What is the U.S.’s population density? D=m/v…answer is ________ people per sq. mi. 78 people per sq. mi. Is the U.S. crowded?
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Canada – 8 people per sq. mi. Mexico – 134 people per sq. mi. China – 344 people per sq. mi. Germany – 602 people per sq. mi. India – 811 people per sq. mi. South Korea – 1,260 people per sq. mi. Singapore – 17, 202 people per sq. mi.!!!!!
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Pop. Growth Factors Natural increase – Birth rate – Death rate – Affected by food supply, level of health care, level of development, war, & natural disasters
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Migration – Push-pull factors Economic reasons Environmental hazards Political reasons – Emigrants exiting your country – Immigrants coming into your country – Countries may pass laws to limit migration
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Developed countries tend to have low growth rates Less-developed countries tend to have high growth rates Some developed countries have reached zero pop. growth A few countries have “negative growth” – population is in decline
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Population pyramids Egypt – shows rapid pop. Growth and low avg. age of death
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China – shows population growth slowing
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U.S. is showing slow growth and an increasing older group – you are about to become the “donut”
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France is at about zero population growth
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India is experiencing very rapid growth
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Germany is experiencing negative growth
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World pop growth
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Future growth The world crossed 7 billion sometime in 2011. Factors that will affect future growth include medical and agricultural advances, pollution, attempts by rapid growth societies to bring that growth under control
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Future Population Green Revolution Medical advances Pollution? Overpopulation? AIDS?
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Monarchy Hereditary ruler controls the govt. – Divine right – rule by the will of God – Constitutional monarchy – rulers power limited by & people’s rights protected by law
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Republic Representative government ruled by law Protects basic rights
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Democracy Direct government ruled by the majority Concerned with group wants or needs Direct democracy – all citizens vote on all issues Representative democracy – elect people to carry out their will
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Dictatorship One person rules through military power Often unstable Force used against those who disagree with govt.
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Totalitarianism Govt. controls all aspects of individual life Controls police, military, communications, economy, education,
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Theocracy Run by a religious leader or leaders Religion is the law
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