1. 1 SAM-200028/JUNE/2000 SDL Based Auto Code Generation: A Multi Beneficial Approach Bhaskar Rao.G Software Engineering Group, Motorola India Electronics Ltd. Banglore, India - 560 042. email: gbr@miel.mot.com.

2. 2 SAM-200028/JUNE/2000 Agenda Introduction to SDL and Benefits ( 3 min.) Experiences and Results (17 min.) –Pilot Project –GPRS Layer Study –Problems and Solutions Challenges Remaining (3 min.) Conclusions (2 min.)

3. 3 SAM-200028/JUNE/2000

4. 4 SDL, Is it only Auto Code Generation? Methodology Integrated Methods and Tools for Software Development –Requirements - MSC –SAD - State Charts/UML/SDL –Coding - SDL, C, C++, Java –Unit and Integration Testing - Simulation & Validation –System Testing - TTCN/SDL

5. 5 SAM-200028/JUNE/2000 Auto Code Generation from SDL SDT Auto Code Tool Gen. code C Compiler Manual C Code + env Run Time Library SDL Code Simulation, Validation, UNIX, NT, pSOS, VxWorks etc.. C Headers SDL Code H2SDL Executable

6. 6 SAM-200028/JUNE/2000 SDL Usage Perspectives Design Language Implementation Methodology –Infrastructure –Handsets? Test Development Language –Strong data features –Better tool support compared to TTCN tools

7. 7 SAM-200028/JUNE/2000 Range of Benefits Observed Cycle Time Improvement: 1.2 to 2X Productivity: 1.2 to 2X Effort Reduction: 1.2 to 2X Quality: 2 to 5X Performance: PROBLEMS NOT NOTICED

8. 8 SAM-200028/JUNE/2000

9. 9 Pilot Project Architecture Network Management Layer Transport LayerSessions Layer Network Layer Driver Interface Application Interface

10. 10 SAM-200028/JUNE/2000 Pilot Project EIA 709.1 Control Network Protocol Network Management Layer –Provides services to the application –Uses either Transport layer or Session layer Session Layer –Provides session services Transport layer –Acknowledged/Un-acknowledged repeat data transfer Network layer –Interacts with the driver Driver –send and receive messages

11. 11 SAM-200028/JUNE/2000 SDL Architecture Network Management Process Transmit side (SL, TL) Receive Side (SL, TL) Network Layer Driver Interface Application Interface Controller

12. 12 SAM-200028/JUNE/2000 Features of the Architecture Layer independent architecture Adaptable to any changes Cadvanced Code Generator (Telelogic Tau) < 1 year project

13. 13 SAM-200028/JUNE/2000 Pilot Results

14. 14 SAM-200028/JUNE/2000 Observations …. Simulation based testing has been proved very effective –Less than average of the organization –Script language –Real Time Simulation –Traces Automatic support of targeting for Windows, pSOS etc. Significantly impacted customer satisfaction

15. 15 SAM-200028/JUNE/2000 Problems... Code Size?????? –3X System Testing –Interpreted the AUTO CODE –Less productive

16. 16 SAM-200028/JUNE/2000 Reasons for Code Bloat Architecture –Too Modular –Layer independent Tool translation of SDL support functions –Assignment, Equality etc. –StructVari := StructVar2 –if(StructVari = StructVar2) –Overhead is ~400 bytes per structure Translation of Header files to C code –Hdr.h >>> GenHdr.c

17. 17 SAM-200028/JUNE/2000 Optimization Results on one layer

18. 18 SAM-200028/JUNE/2000 Optimization Features C code mix is increased to 65% Pointers are used Negative impact on Productivity and Quality –Effort increased to locate the error

19. 19 SAM-200028/JUNE/2000 Plans After Pilot Used in Infrastructure projects –Results are encouraging –Code size is not CRITICAL Handsets?????

20. 20 SAM-200028/JUNE/2000 Further study Try new tools –Cmicro Code generator –Proprietary generator Optimize with the help of the vendors –Excellent help

21. 21 SAM-200028/JUNE/2000 Optimization Results (UNIX)

22. 22 SAM-200028/JUNE/2000 Optimization Results (UNIX) [contd..]

23. 23 SAM-200028/JUNE/2000 Auto Code Generation from SDL (Optimization) SDT Auto Code Tool Gen. code C Compiler Manual C Code + env Run Time Library SDL Code Simulation, Validation, UNIX, NT, pSOS, VxWorks etc.. C Headers SDL Code H2SDL Executable SCRIPTS (Optimiza tion)

24. 24 SAM-200028/JUNE/2000 Optimization of Code Data Types defined only in SDL NON OO Minimize C Code Integration –Through common types between SDL and C (Octet = Unsigned Char) Scripts –Script to convert C constants to SDL macros –Script to convert STRUCTURES to ADTs Compilation Switches for Optimization –XNOUSEOFREAL, XNOUSEOFOBJECTIDENTIFIER etc.

25. 25 SAM-200028/JUNE/2000 Size of Utility Functions Default Functions Size: 16 Type: FUNC yDef_zF_MyStruct1 Size: 16 Type: FUNC yDef_zG_MyStruct5 Equal Functions Size: 192 Type: FUNC yEq_zF_MyStruct1 Size: 192 Type: FUNC yEq_zG_MyStruct5 Make Functions Size: 152 Type: FUNC yMake_zF_MyStruct1 Size: 152 Type: FUNC yMake_zG_MyStruct5

26. 26 SAM-200028/JUNE/2000 After Optimization newtype MyStruct1 struct a1, a2, a3, a4, a5 Integer; /*#ADT(E(H) D(H) K(H) H) #TYPE #define yDef_#(MyStruct1)(yVar) #define yMake_#(MyStruct1)(yVar1, yVar2) #define yEq_#(MyStruct1) (E1, E2)*/ endnewtype;

27. 27 SAM-200028/JUNE/2000 Size analysis command Usage $> nm -f Displays Type, Size etc. of all symbols NOTYPE no type was specified OBJECT a data object such as an array or variable in bytes FUNC a function or other executable code in bytes SECTION a section symbol FILE name of the source file.

28. 28 SAM-200028/JUNE/2000

29. 29 SAM-200028/JUNE/2000 No Wider Acceptance?? Not Part of Curriculum –Industry has to invest Technical –Performance and Code Size issues –Debugging the generated code (off site and onsite) –Performance, Code Size VS READABILITY of SDL Customer Related –Cost of the tools –Lack of familiarity and Expertise –Risk of failure

30. 30 SAM-200028/JUNE/2000 100% Real time Software Development with SDL Methodology

31. 31 SAM-200028/JUNE/2000 Effective Algorithms for mapping SDL code to implementation language Effective Approaches to handle on-site testing

32. 32 SAM-200028/JUNE/2000 SDL is a Methodology but only tool for auto code Positive impact on Cycle Time, Quality and Productivity Code Size Overheads could be brought down with a few restrictions in SDL Needs improvement for 100% usage

33. 33 SAM-200028/JUNE/2000 Questions????

34. 34 SAM-200028/JUNE/2000 Bhaskar Rao.G Motorola India Electronics Ltd., SE Group, Banglore, India- 560 042 gbr@miel.mot.com