1. Course of Events of the English Civil War

2. Causes conflict between Parliament and the Stuart kings about royal authority (divine right), religion, money, and foreign policy (royal authority v. “rights of Englishmen”)

3. Causes Puritans v. “too much Roman Catholic” – James I afraid Puritan reforms would remove control of church from the king Right to raise taxes – James raised customs and courts approved (had war debt from Eliz. and expensive living)

4. Causes Too friendly to RC Spain Charles I tried to attack Spain – failed and Parliament cut him off forced to sign Petition of Right

5. Causes asserted four principles: no taxes may be levied without consent of Parliament; no subject may be imprisoned without cause shown (reaffirmation of the right of habeas corpus); no soldiers may be quartered upon the citizenry; martial law may not be used in time of peace.

6. Causes In return for his acceptance (June, 1628), Charles was granted subsidies. Although the petition was of importance as a safeguard of civil liberties, its spirit was soon violated by Charles, who continued to collect tonnage and poundage duties without Parliament's authorization and to prosecute citizens in an arbitrary manner. Dismisses Parliament until 1640

7. Causes Charles faced war with Scotland over former church land and religion; Catholic wife was becoming more influential when army collapsed, Charles was forced to summon Parliament (Long Parliament)

8. Long Parliament It sent Strafford and eventually Laud to the execution block. It dictated that the king must summon Parliament at least every three years and cannot be dissolved without its own permission. It outlawed all non-parliamentary taxation.

9. Long Parliament It abolished the special royal law courts that had been the chief instruments of Charles’s “Eleven Years’ Tyranny.” In less than a year (1640-41) Parliament destroyed absolute monarchy in England

10. Long Parliament Refused to let Charles have an army to put down Irish revolt radical Puritans in Parliament abolished bishops in the Anglican Church

11. Control of army and Church Splits Upper Classes Growing political and religious radicalism of the House of Commons gave Charles what he had until then lacked—a royalist party that would fight to reassert his prerogatives. He attempted to arrest his parliamentary opponents in January 1642. By summer England was at war

12. Control of army and Church Splits Upper Classes Both Parliament and Royalist claimed to be supporting traditional English political and religious rights London, most towns, the middle class, and southwest England supported Parliament Rural areas and northwest supported Charles Divisions between Royalists and Parliament did NOT correspond to England’s economic, social, or regional divisions

13. Cromwell and the New Model Army Defeated the king in June-July 1645 Charles surrendered a year later Groups in Parliament and Cromwell’s army quarreled and split Charles escaped and raised a new army in November, 1647

14. Rump Parliament Cromwell purges opponents in Parliament, and recaptured the king After initial hesitation, Cromwell had Charles executed in 1649, abolished the monarchy and House of Lords, and set up a “Commonwealth” with the Parliament as its government

15. Interregnum Cromwell attempted to rule with Parliament and a written constitution, but quarreled with Parliament as bitterly as had the Stuarts In 1655 he installed an open military dictatorship to keep Parliament from disbanding his army and persecuting his coreligionists

16. Interregnum Cromwell’s death in 1658 made General George Monck the most powerful figure in England Monck recognized that Parliament was the only alternative to military dictatorship and that restoring Parliament also required recreating the monarchy. In 1660, a “Convention Parliament” under his protection invited the son of Charles I to return from France and take up the crown.

17. Restoration Charles II (son of Charles I) becomes king Known as the “Merry Monarch” –Restored theatre, sporting events, dancing, music, Christmas celebrations, etc. that had been banned under the Puritans Habeas Corpus Act (1679) Had no legitimate heir, so brother James is the next king

18. James II James II was Catholic In violation of English law, several Catholics were appointed to high positions –When Parliament argued, James dismissed it When James’ son was born, the English were afraid of a dynasty of Catholic kings

19. Glorious Revolution In 1688, some members of Parliament invited James’ Protestant daughter, Mary, to overthrow her father for the sake of Protestantism She and her husband William became joint rulers and agreed to become constitutional monarchs –Signed the Bill of Rights which officially limited their powers (along with the Magna Carta and Petition of Rights, these are the basis of the constitution of England)