1. Go to section Pretest 1.True or False: Degrees Celsius and Kelvin are units of temperature. 2.What kind of energy is released when bonds between atoms are broken? 3.True or False: Thermal energy is the total potential and kinetic energy of the microscopic particles in an object. 4.The change of state from liquid to gas is called _____________. Chapter 16

2. Go to section Pretest (continued) 5.Which of the following is the energy of a moving object? a.mechanical energy b.chemical energy c.potential energy d.kinetic energy 6.The principle that energy cannot be created or destroyed is known as the law of _______________________. Chapter 16

3. Go to section Pretest (continued) 7.Work is a _________________. 8.If the input work for a simple machine is 21.0 J, and the output work is 7.0 J, the efficiency of the engine is ____. a.3.0% b.0.33% c.33% d.30% Chapter 16

4. Go to section Interest Grabber Heat Transfer Rub sandpaper on a metal bolt. CAUTION: Stop rubbing before the bolt becomes too hot to handle. Dip the bolt in a cup of cool water. Note how this affects the bolt’s temperature. 1.Describe the work that you did to add energy to the bolt. 2.What type of energy did this work produce in the bolt? 3.What happened to the temperature of the bolt after it was dipped in water? 4.What do you think would happen to the water temperature if you repeated the procedure many times? Section 16.1

5. Go to section Reading Strategy Previewing Section 16.1 Sample answers: a.A pitcher of juice b.Why did Rumford conclude that heat is not a form of matter? (Fig. 1) c.The brass was hot enough to make water boil only during drilling, so the heat must be related to the motion of the drill. d.In which liquid do the particles move faster? (Fig. 2) e.In the tea

6. Go to section Specific Heat Figure 3

7. Go to section Specific Heat Section 16.1

8. Go to section Specific Heat Section 16.1

9. Go to section Specific Heat Section 16.1

10. Go to section Specific Heat Section 16.1

11. Go to section A Calorimeter Figure 3

12. Go to section Interest Grabber Temperature and Air Pressure Blow up a balloon and tie off the end. Fill half a bucket with ice water. Dip the balloon into the ice water and hold it there for several minutes. Observe what happens. Remove the balloon from the bucket and let it sit for several minutes. Observe what happens. 1.What happened when you dipped the balloon into the ice water? Explain why. 2.What happened after the balloon was removed from the ice water? Explain why. Section 16.2

13. Go to section Reading Strategy Building Vocabulary Section 16.2 a.The transfer of thermal energy by the movement of particles in a fluid b.Hot air circulates in an oven. c.The transfer of energy by waves moving through space d.Heating coil of an electric stove glows.

14. Go to section Interest Grabber Cooling by Evaporation When you step out of a swimming pool, you often feel very cool, even on a warm day. The evaporating water transfers thermal energy from your skin to the surrounding environment. Evaporation cools you down while it warms up your surroundings. You can feel this by holding your index finger close to your mouth and blowing on it gently. Then, wet your finger and blow on it again. 1.How does wetting your finger change the way it feels when your blow on it? 2.Is there really a difference in the temperature of a wet and a dry finger when your blow on it? Explain. Section 16.3

15. Go to section Reading Strategy a. Piston compresses the fuel-air mixture. b.Ignited mixture expands and pushes the piston. c.Exhaust gases leave the cylinder. Section 16.3 Sequencing

16. Go to section An External Combustion Engine Figure 11

17. Go to section An External Combustion Engine Figure 11

18. Go to section An External Combustion Engine Figure 11

19. Go to section An Internal Combustion Engine Figure 12

20. Go to section An Internal Combustion Engine Figure 12

21. Go to section An Internal Combustion Engine Figure 12

22. Go to section An Internal Combustion Engine Figure 12

23. Go to section A Hot-Water Heating System Figure 13

24. Go to section A Hot-Water Heating System Figure 13

25. Go to section A Hot-Water Heating System Figure 13

26. Go to section A Forced-Air Heating System Figure 14

27. Go to section A Forced-Air Heating System Figure 14

28. Go to section A Forced-Air Heating System Figure 14

29. Go to section An Air Conditioner Figure 16

30. Go to section An Air Conditioner Figure 16

31. Go to section An Air Conditioner Figure 16

32. Pretest Answers 1.True or False: Degrees Celsius and Kelvin are units of temperature. 2.What kind of energy is released when bonds between atoms are broken? 3.True or False: Thermal energy is the total potential and kinetic energy of the microscopic particles in an object. 4.The change of state from liquid to gas is called _____________. Chapter 16 Click the mouse button to display the answers. chemical energy vaporization

33. Chapter 16 Pretest Answers (continued) Click the mouse button to display the answers. 5.Which of the following is the energy of a moving object? a.mechanical energy b.chemical energy c.potential energy d.kinetic energy 6.The principle that energy cannot be created or destroyed is known as the law of _______________________. conservation of energy

34. Chapter 16 Click the mouse button to display the answers. Pretest Answers (continued) 7.Work is a _________________. 8.If the input work for a simple machine is 21.0 J, and the output work is 7.0 J, the efficiency of the engine is ____. a.3.0% b.0.33% c.33% d.30% transfer of energy

35. Interest Grabber Answers 1.Describe the work that you did to add energy to the bolt. Energy was added to the bolt by doing work to move the sandpaper back and forth. 2.What type of energy did this work produce in the bolt? thermal energy 3.What happened to the temperature of the bolt after it was dipped in water? The temperature of the bolt decreased. 4.What do you think would happen to the water temperature if you repeated the procedure many times? The water should heat up because thermal energy from the bolt is transferred to the water. Section 16.1

36. Interest Grabber Answers 1.What happened when you dipped the balloon into the ice water? Explain why. The balloon contracted because the lower temperature decreased the air pressure inside the balloon. 2.What happened after the balloon was removed from the ice water? Explain why. The balloon expands back to its original shape because the temperature has risen, causing the air pressure to increase. Section 16.2

37. Interest Grabber Answers 1.How does wetting your finger change the way it feels when your blow on it? A wet finger feels cooler than a dry finger when you blow on it. 2.Is there really a difference in the temperature of a wet and a dry finger when your blow on it? Explain. Yes, a wet finger is cooler when your blow on it because the evaporation of the water transfers thermal energy away from your finger. Section 16.3

38. Chapter 16 Go Online Self-grading assessment Articles on heat For links on specific heat, go to www.SciLinks.org and enter the Web Code as follows: ccn-2161.www.SciLinks.org For links on thermodynamics, go to www.SciLinks.org and enter the Web Code as follows: ccn-2162.www.SciLinks.org

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