1. Summary and Recapitulation For HNRS 227 with Professors Geller and Taylor

2. What We’ll talk about Chapter by Chapter Overview –The highlights of the chapters covered Main themes across the chapters –The major themes underlying all chapters The final examination –What to expect

3. Chapter Overview Chapter 1 –Focus on the Scientific method –Reviewing mathematical skills –Reviewing scientific notation –Science and society Chapter 2 –Motion Speed, velocity, acceleration, force Falling objects and projectiles Newton’s Laws of Motion Momentum Circular Motion Gravity

4. Chapter Overview Chapter 3 –Energy, Work and Power –Potential Energy and Kinetic Energy –Energy Forms, Conversion and Conservation Chapter 4 –Heat, Temperature, Molecular Kinetic Theory –Phases of Matter (phase diagram not in book) –Laws of Thermodynamics

5. Chapter Overview Chapter 5 –Vibrations and Waves –The Doppler Effect Chapter 6 –Electric charges, electric current –Electric power and work –Magnetism –Maxwell’s laws (not in text but relate all electricity and magnetism)

6. Formula Review d = v*ta = (v f - v i ) / tv = (v f + v i ) / 2 d = 0.5 * a * t 2 F = m * aw = m * g p = m * va r = v 2 / rF = (m * v 2 ) / r v f = (a * t) + v i F = (G*m*M) / d 2 W = F * d KE = 0.5*m* v 2 PE = m*g*hQ = m*c*  T T = 1 / ff = 1 / Tv = l * f F = (k*q 1 *q 2 ) / d 2 I = q / tV = I * R P = I * Vn = c / vE = h * f Acceleration due to gravity is 9.8 m/s 2

7. Chapter Overview Chapter 7 –Electromagnetic radiation –Light and matter interactions Reflection, Refraction, Diffraction and Interference –Photoelectric Effect Quantization of Energy Chapter 8 –Structure and function of atoms (models of all kinds) –The Periodic Table of Elements –Revolutions in the sciences

8. Chapter Overview Chapter 9 –Molecules and compounds –Chemical bonds and valence electrons Chapter 10 –Water: structure, function and properties –Uniqueness of the molecule –Importance of the molecule Chapter 11 –Principles of radioactivity and decay –Nuclear energy technologies –Applications: energy, human health and environment C - C

9. Chapter Overview Chapter 12 –The night sky –Stars and their characteristics –The H-R diagram –The life cycle of a star (development of star) – remember the lab on this –Galaxies –The universe at large Chapter 13 –Kepler’s Laws of Planetary Motion (not in text) –The planets – Jovian and Terrestrial –Comets, asteroids and meteors –Formation of the solar system

10. Chapter Overview Chapter 14 –Motions of the Earth –The measure of time –Earth-Sun-Moon system Chapter 15 –Rocks and minerals –The rock cycle –The solid Earth (interior) –Plate Tectonics Chapter 16 –Stress, strain, folds and faults –Earthquakes, mountains and erosion

11. Chapter Overview Chapter 17 –The atmosphere (figure in text oversimplified) –Winds, water (humidity and precipitation) –Weather and Climate Chapter 18 –Water on Earth – Fresh and salt –The hydrological cycle –Oceanography

12. Chapter Overview Chapter 19 –Organic chemistry & polymers C-C bond: covalent bonding Hydrocarbons of all kinds –Biochemistry and polymers Carbohydrates, proteins, nucleic acids, and lipids Chapter 20 –Attributes of life Hierarchy, cells, homeostasis, energy, information, etc. –Structural “nuts and bolt” Enzymes, membranes, water, polymers, compartmentation, types of cells C-C covalent bonds

13. Chapter Overview Chapter 21 –Darwin retrospective –Theory of Evolution (process, similarity & diversity of living systems) –Origin and evolution of life –Applications: “evolution as you sleep” –Other perspectives on evolution Chapter 26 –Mendel and inheritance –Genetics and molecular biology –DNA/RNA: replication, transcription, translation –Genetic code and all living systems –Applications: GMO’s, gene chips, Alps man

14. Overarching Themes The Scientific Method –Repeatable experiments and observations –Hypotheses –Theories –Laws –An iterative and open process –Pseudoscience

15. Overarching Themes Fundamental Laws –Newton’s Laws of Motion –Newton’s Law of Gravitational Attraction –Kepler’s Laws of Planetary Motion –Maxwell’s Laws of Electromagnetism –Laws of Thermodynamics

16. Overarching Themes Fundamental Theories –Cell Theory –Theory of Evolution –Einstein Theories of Relativity –Geological Theories –Hierarchical Theory and Emergent Properties –Atomic Theory Revolutions in the sciences –Atom –Quantum mechanics –Plate tectonics –DNA and information

17. A Few More Overarching Features  Science as an intellectual exercise, similar to other intellectual pursuits  Science as the application of the knowledge to address needs of society (e.g., biodiversity; health; information technology; exploration of space)  Models as one of the tools in the scientist’s tool bag  Connectivity of the scientific disciplines  Connectivity of the sciences to other disciplines (e.g., history, ethics, engineering, performing arts)

18. The Final Examination What to expect –Multiple choice questions 100 to be precise Scantron forms –To be provided –14 December 2006 Thursday 1030 to 1315