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Macromolecules Unit 1B
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Organic Compounds Compounds that contain CARBON are called organic compounds. Carbon (C) has 4 valance electrons – it can bond up to 4 TIMES. Carboncovalent bonds 4 Carbon can form covalent bonds with as many as 4 other atoms (elements). C, H, O or N Usually with C, H, O or N. Example:CH4(methane) Example:CH4(methane)
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Macromolecules Macromolecules=biomolecules=organic molecules Large organic molecules also called POLYMERS. Made of smaller “building blocks” called MONOMERS. Join monomers to form polymers =‘s POLYMERIZATION
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Polymerization monomer polymer
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Examples of Macromolecules: Carbohydrates – Sugars, starch Lipids – fats, oils, wax Proteins – muscles, enzymes Nucleic Acids - DNA and RNA
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Forming of Macromolecules Macromolecules are formed in a process called dehydrations synthesis. Polymers are formed by combining monomers by “removing water”. HO HH H2OH2O H
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Separation of Macromolecules Macromolecules are separated or digested in a process called hydrolysis. Polymers separate into monomers by “adding water”. HOH H2OH2O HH
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Carbohydrates Elements: C - H - O (1:2:1 ratio) Monomer: monosaccharide- one sugar unit Polymer: polysaccharide- many sugar units Function: Used for Energy Ex: sugar, deoxyribose, ribose Ex: starch, cellulose, glycogen
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LIPIDS Triglycerides: composed of 1 glycerol and 3 fatty acids H H-C----O H glycerol O C-CH 2 -CH 2 -CH 2 -CH 2 -CH 2 -CH 2 -CH 2 -CH 2 -CH 2 -CH 3 = fatty acids O C-CH 2 -CH 2 -CH 2 -CH 2 -CH 2 -CH 2 -CH 2 -CH 2 -CH 2 -CH 3 = O C-CH 2 -CH 2 -CH 2 -CH =CH-CH 2 -CH 2 -CH 2 -CH 2 -CH 3 =
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LIPIDS Elements: C – H – O Monomer: Fatty Acid, glycerol Polymer: Lipids Function: Used to store energy long term (2 nd source of energy) Examples: Phospholipids, fats, oils, waxes, steroids, triglycerides Foods: veggie oil, olive oil, gristle on meat
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Proteins (Polypeptides) Elements: C – H – O – N – (S) Monomer: Amino acid(20) Polymer: Protein- bonded by peptide bonds Function: Used in reactions, transport, bones and muscles Examples: Hemoglobin, melanin, enzymes, hormones, muscle Food: beef, chicken, fish
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Nucleic Acids Elements: C – H – O – P – N Monomer: Nucleotide Polymer: Nucleic Acid Function: Store and transmit genetic information Example: DNA (deoxyribose nucleic acid/double stranded) RNA (ribonucleic acid/single stranded) Nitrogenous base sugar phosphate
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Organic Substances CarbohydratesProteinsLipidsNucleic Acids
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Organic Substances CarbohydratesProteinsLipidsNucleic Acids
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Organic Substances CarbohydratesProteinsLipidsNucleic Acids
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Organic Substances CarbohydratesProteinsLipidsNucleic Acids
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Organic Substances CarbohydratesProteinsLipidsNucleic Acids
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Organic Substances CarbohydratesProteinsLipidsNucleic Acids
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Organic Substances CarbohydratesProteinsLipidsNucleic Acids
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Organic Substances CarbohydratesProteinsLipidsNucleic Acids
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Organic Substances CarbohydratesProteinsLipidsNucleic Acids
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Organic Substances CarbohydratesProteinsLipidsNucleic Acids Sugars Starches Meats Hormones Muscle Hair Nails Enzymes Blood Cells Fats Oils Waxes DNA RNA
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