1. SWBAT: Describe the structure of steroids Chapter 15 Cholesterol & Steroid Hormones

2. General Structure Steroidnucleus: Three cyclohexane rings A,B,C One cyclopentane ring D

3. Types of Steroids Cholesterol Lipoproteins Steroid Hormones Anabolic Steroids

4. Why does it have the ending –ol? Cholesterol Most abundant steroid in the body

5. Facts about Cholesterol its part of every cell membrane insulates nerve and brain tissue forms bile for digestion forms Vitamin D in skin starting material for steroid hormones: sex hormones, cortisone leads to heart attacks

6. Lipid Metabolism Cholesterol is so important that the body does not rely on what you eat…. It manufactures 80% of the cholesterol needed Serum Cholesterol Levels in your body can be measured via blood tests: Lipid Panels

7. Lipid Panels What health care professional look for… Total Cholesterol HDL: High density Cholesterol – “good” LDL: Low density Cholesterol – “bad”

8. Why? Lowering Cholesterol Levels is a business…. Food industry: fat free/cholesterol free items lean meats low fat dairy hunt against saturated fats Pharmaceutical industry: statin drugs HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors

9. LIPITOR The most widely used drug in the world… Pharmaceutical drug lowering cholesterol levels Reaps 26 billion in sales per year worldwide Side effects range from diabetes, to cancer

10. Cholesterol Levels Cholesterol levels show individual variations due to: Genetics Age General health: cholesterol is an anti- inflammatory, anti-stress substance, it can rise due to reasons ranging from stress, lack of sleep, drugs and chronic diseases (diabetes) Diet: Plant based diets are correlated with lower cholesterol levels

11. Cholesterol in Food Egg250 mg Crab/Shrimp150 mg Beef85 mg White chicken75 mg Fish40 mg All animal based food contain cholesterol All plant based foods contain no cholesterol

12. Cholesterol and CAD Artheriosclerosis is the main cause of CAD It is caused by plaque that clog arteries Plaque are cholesterol deposits Q: What makes cholesterol form plaque? A: Inflammation

13. Transporting Fats in Blood Lipids are insoluble in the blood (=water) Lipids are transported from spherical vesicles called Lipoproteins Skin: Phospholipids, Proteins Inside: Cholesterol, Triglycerides

14. Steroid Hormones Sex Hormones Estrogen: development of female sex characteristics Testosterone: development of male sex characteristics including muscle anabolism Progesterone: prepares uterus for fertilized egg

15. Steroid Hormones Corticosteroids Steroid Hormones produced by the adrenal glands Natural – Cortisone Drug – Prednisone Helps with: stress response immune response regulation of inflammation

16. Anabolic Steroids Synthetic Testosterone derivatives Promote muscle growth, reduce body fat Short term side effects: broken bones, ruptured tendons, kidney pain Long term use lead to kidney, heart, liver damage Legal steroid Tren

17. Homework Chapter 15.6 Pg 522 #15.44 – 15.54 (even)