3. Parts of the Steer

4. Wholesale Cuts of Beef Loin Rib Rump Round Highest Value $ $ $ $ $ $

5. Wholesale Cuts of Beef Lower Value Chuck Brisket Flank Plate Shank Neck

6. Selection Criteria  Age  Frame Size  Muscle  Balance  Structural Correctness  Disposition

7. Age Show calves will be market ready when 15 to 18 months old at County Fair Show calves will be market ready when 15 to 18 months old at County Fair Born between October and January of the previous year Born between October and January of the previous year For example a steer born in Oct of 2009 will be 18 months old at fair time For example a steer born in Oct of 2009 will be 18 months old at fair time

8. Frame Size Adequate Adequate Long Bodied Long Bodied Clean Clean

9. How Big Should He Be ? A October born calf is 8 months old in May when you buy him A October born calf is 8 months old in May when you buy him He should weigh about 550 pounds He should weigh about 550 pounds From May to January is 9 months From May to January is 9 months An acceptable market weight depending on the steers frame is 1250 pounds An acceptable market weight depending on the steers frame is 1250 pounds He needs to gain about 77 pounds per month He needs to gain about 77 pounds per month An Example…

10. A Look at the Math 1250 finish weight 1250 finish weight -550 beginning wt -550 beginning wt 700 pounds to gain 700 pounds to gain 700 pounds to gain ÷ 9 months to fair 77 pounds/month

11. How Much Will He Eat? Beef convert 6 pounds of feed concentrate into 1 pound of gain Beef convert 6 pounds of feed concentrate into 1 pound of gain Needs to gain 77 pounds in a month (30 days). Needs to gain 77 pounds in a month (30 days). That’s 2.5 pounds per day That’s 2.5 pounds per day 2.5 x 6 = 15 pounds He needs to eat 15 pounds of feed per day to gain 2.5 pounds 15 pounds x 30 days = 450 lbs of feed per month 450 x 9 months = 4050 pounds of feed This is an average over the feeding period. And does not include hay intake.

12. Muscle Hind Quarter Shoulder Top Bone Wide Based Five Indicators of Muscle

13. Muscle - Hind Quarter Width between pin bones Stifle

14. Muscle - Shoulder Bold and rugged Bold and rugged Thick fore arm Thick fore arm Smooth Smooth

15. Muscle - Top Long Long Level Level Straight Straight

16. Muscle - Top Wide Topped Wide Topped

17. Muscle - Wide Based

18. Muscle - Bone Large circumference of bone Large circumference of bone

19. Balance Your calf should be balanced on both ends

20. Balance   Select a calf with style   A deep bodied calf that is full in the flank   Uniform in capacity and ruggedness   Smooth

21. Examples of Balance

22. Structural Correctness Legs and feet Legs and feet Set to hock Set to hock Flex at pastern Flex at pastern Take long strides Take long strides

23. Structural Correctness Legs Legs should hit the ground straight Point straight ahead

24. Structural Correctness Legs Toes In Toes Out

25. Structural Correctness Feet Feet should be big and rugged Slope to pasterns

26. Disposition Notice how the seller handles the calves Notice how the seller handles the calves Can you move easily around the cattle without them getting nervous? Can you move easily around the cattle without them getting nervous? Does your calf have a pleasing, gentle eye? Does your calf have a pleasing, gentle eye? Ask about the cow and bull Ask about the cow and bull Bloodlines or pedigree etc Bloodlines or pedigree etc

27. Facilities

28. Facilities Clean and dry Clean and dry Good air circulation Good air circulation Out of snow, rain, and sun Out of snow, rain, and sun Free from debris and manure Free from debris and manure Adequate space for exercise Adequate space for exercise A small pen to catch and halter A small pen to catch and halter

29. Halter Breaking Allow to get used to new home Allow to get used to new home Put halter on properly Put halter on properly Let drag halter for a few days Let drag halter for a few days Tie about knee level with about 8 to 10 inches of lead to break to tie Tie about knee level with about 8 to 10 inches of lead to break to tie

30. Halter Breaking Stay close by so you can help if needed Stay close by so you can help if needed Begin touching as soon as possible Begin touching as soon as possible You can use a broom to keep a safe distance so you don’t get kicked You can use a broom to keep a safe distance so you don’t get kicked Don’t poke... just rub ! Don’t poke... just rub ! Rub him all over with your hands as soon as possible and as often as possible Rub him all over with your hands as soon as possible and as often as possible Be calm with your voice and actions Be calm with your voice and actions

31. Teaching to Lead Pull - Release & Reward Method Pull - Release & Reward Method If he doesn’t want to move… If he doesn’t want to move… Repeatedly tug firmly on the lead rope without giving him any slack Repeatedly tug firmly on the lead rope without giving him any slack Be patient Be patient Be persistent Be persistent Remain calm but firm Remain calm but firm

32. Feeding What is the most important nutrient for your steer?

33. Feeding Clean feed Clean feed Avoid dusty, moldy, spoiled feed Avoid dusty, moldy, spoiled feed Be sure feed pan or trough is clean each feeding Be sure feed pan or trough is clean each feeding

34. Feeding Calves will eat 2.5% to 3% of their body weight Calves will eat 2.5% to 3% of their body weight A 500 pound calf will eat approximately 13 pounds of feed when on FULL FEED A 500 pound calf will eat approximately 13 pounds of feed when on FULL FEED Increase slowly when starting them on feed to prevent bloat Increase slowly when starting them on feed to prevent bloat

35. Nutrition Protein Protein Carbohydrates Carbohydrates Roughage Roughage Additives Additives FEED

36. Nutrition Basic Definitions Protein – (Made of Amino Acids) Makes muscle and bone Protein – (Made of Amino Acids) Makes muscle and bone Carbohydrates – Gives energy and heat and helps put on fat Carbohydrates – Gives energy and heat and helps put on fat Vitamins and Minerals – Essential for bodily functions. Be sure you have a balanced feed. Vitamins and Minerals – Essential for bodily functions. Be sure you have a balanced feed. Roughage – Important for proper ruminant digestion Roughage – Important for proper ruminant digestion Additives – Add shine to coat or can help keep healthy appetite Additives – Add shine to coat or can help keep healthy appetite

37. The Four Stomach System Rumen – First and largest stomach Rumen – First and largest stomach Food is broken down by bacteria and microorganisms Food is broken down by bacteria and microorganisms Reticulum – Second and Safety net stomach Reticulum – Second and Safety net stomach Catches foreign objects that may case harm Catches foreign objects that may case harm Omasum – Third Stomach Omasum – Third Stomach Takes water out of the food stuffs before entering the next stomach Takes water out of the food stuffs before entering the next stomach Abomasum – The true stomach, gastric juice aids in digestion of proteins Abomasum – The true stomach, gastric juice aids in digestion of proteins

38. The Four Stomach System Rumen Reticulum Omasum Abomasum

39. Think of It This Way… Protein makes them grow Protein makes them grow Carbohydrates or Fats makes them finish and put on fat Carbohydrates or Fats makes them finish and put on fat Roughages Aid in rumen health and gives them that full, deep bodied look Roughages Aid in rumen health and gives them that full, deep bodied look Additives can help them have a good hair coat Additives can help them have a good hair coat

40. Percentages Protein levels should range between 11% and 13% Protein levels should range between 11% and 13% Fat levels should be between 2% and 4% Fat levels should be between 2% and 4% Roughages – as much as they will eat and still clean up their grain Roughages – as much as they will eat and still clean up their grain

41. Hair Care Hair is genetic Hair is genetic You can help keep the hair your calf has by brushing and combing You can help keep the hair your calf has by brushing and combing Keep him clean Keep him clean Good air circulation is important Good air circulation is important Keep him out of the sun Keep him out of the sun Give bath or rinse as often as possible Give bath or rinse as often as possible

42. Hair Care Comb the hair down first Comb the hair down first Then forward Then forward Then up Then up

43. Equipment BASIC LIST BASIC LIST Scotch comb Scotch comb Brush Brush Rope halter Rope halter Show stick Show stick

44. Health Ask your seller what vaccinations your calf has had Ask your seller what vaccinations your calf has had SOME COMMON VACCINATIONS ARE: SOME COMMON VACCINATIONS ARE: 7 or 8 way 7 or 8 way Overeating Overeating Black Leg Black Leg Shipping Fever Shipping Fever Parasite control Parasite control

45. Injection Sites and the Quality Assurance Program Give intramuscular and subcutaneous injections in the neck

46. Papers Bill of Sale from the seller Bill of Sale from the seller Get Brand Inspection Get Brand Inspection BEFORE YOU PLAN TO buy a calf from out of state be sure to ask Darrell for the proper procedures required by Utah Department of Agriculture BEFORE YOU PLAN TO buy a calf from out of state be sure to ask Darrell for the proper procedures required by Utah Department of Agriculture

47. Fair Rules and Regulations It is your responsibility to make sure you meet all the requirements for the show It is your responsibility to make sure you meet all the requirements for the show

48. 4-H Enrollment It is time to get your enrollment papers filled out at the Extension office so you can get the newsletter and be aware of all the County 4-H information It is time to get your enrollment papers filled out at the Extension office so you can get the newsletter and be aware of all the County 4-H information

49. Opportunities in 4-H Livestock Judging Livestock Judging Demonstrations Demonstrations Public Speaking Public Speaking Meal Prep Meal Prep Fashion Revue Fashion Revue Record Book – Seniors can win a trip to National 4-H Congress! Record Book – Seniors can win a trip to National 4-H Congress! Many others… Many others…