1. WOMEN & EQUALITY
CHAPTER 31, SECTION 2

2. SECTION 2 QUIZ
1. ___was the belief that women should have economic, political, & social equality with men.
2. The 1961 Presidential Commission on the Status of Women was created by which President?
3. ___is discrimination against women.
4. In 1963,___wrote a book called the Feminine Mystique.
5. N.O.W. is an acronym for…
6. In 1971, journalist ___ helped found the National Women’s Political Caucus.
7. ___ was the 1973 Supreme Court case that legalized abortion in the first trimester of pregnancy.
8. In 1972, what piece of legislation was passed by Congress but failed to be fully ratified by the states?
9. ___ was national chairperson of the Stop-ERA campaign.
10. ___ was invisible resistance to promoting women in jobs.

3. KEY TERMS FEMINISM BETTY FRIEDAN
NATIONAL ORGANIZATION OF WOMEN (N.O.W.)
GLORIA STEINAM
EQUAL RIGHTS AMENDMENT (E.R.A.)
PHYLLIS SCHLAFLY

4. IMPORTANT DATES 1961: PRESIDENTIAL COMMISSION ON THE STATUS OF WOMEN
1963: THE FEMININE MYSTIQUE PUBLISHED
1966: N.O.W. FOUNDED
1972: E.R.A. PASSED IN CONGRESS
1973: ROE V. WADE
1982: E.R.A. FAILS RATIFICATION

5. FEMINISM FEMINISM: DEFINE: WHY? RESULTS?
BELIEF THAT WOMEN SHOULD HAVE ECONOMIC, POLITICAL, AND SOCIAL EQUALITY WITH MEN
WHEN? GAINS STRENGTH IN 1960’s
WHY?
1950’s: 1 OUT OF 3 WOMEN IN AMERICAN WORKFORCE
1960’s: OVER 40% HAD JOBS OUTSIDE THE HOME
PROBLEM: VERY LIMITED JOB OPPORTUNITIES W/LOW PAY
EXAMPLES?
DOMESTIC SERVICES
RETAIL SALES
SOCIAL WORK
RESULTS?
1961: JFK CREATES PRES. COMMISSION ON THE STATUS OF WOMEN
FIND?
WOMEN WERE OFTEN PAID LESS FOR DOING THE SAME JOBS AS MEN
WOMEN WERE OFTEN NOT PROMOTED IN JOBS, EVEN WHEN DESERVING

6. FEMINISM GROWS WHY? NEW DEVELOPMENTS: EFFECT?
JOB DISCRIMINATION CAUSES MANY WOMEN TO ORGANIZE EFFORTS
MANY “PROTEST” ORAGNIZATIONS ARE ALSO RUN, & DOMINATED BY MEN
NEW DEVELOPMENTS:
1963: BETTY FRIEDAN PUBLISHES THE FEMININE MYSTIQUE
TOPIC: BOOK POPULARIZES WOMEN’S ISSUES & HIGHLIGHTS PROBLEMS, ETC.
EFFECT?
“WOMEN’S LIBERATION” MOVEMENT GAINS POWER
MORE WOMEN ENCOURAGED TO PARTICIPATE IN “WOMEN’S LIB” MOVEMENT

7. BETTY FRIEDAN

9. WOMEN’S LIBERATION MOVEMENT
1966: NATIONAL ORGANIZATION OF WOMEN FOUNDED (N.O.W.)
DEFINE: GROUP DEVOTED TO ADDRESSING WOMEN’S ISSUES
GOALS?
BETTER CHILD CARE FACILITIES
IMPROVE WOMEN’S EDUCATIONAL OPPORTUNITIES
ELIMINATION OF JOB DISCRIMINATION BASED ON GENDER
N.O.W. GROWS: : MEMBERSHIP GROWS FROM ,000
OTHER WOMEN’S LIB. DEVELOPMENTS:
1971: GLORIA STEINAM FOUNDS NATIONAL WOMEN’S POLITICAL CAUCUS
1972: HIGHER EDUCATION ACT:
OUTLAWS GENDER DISCRIMINATION TO ANY INSTITUTION RECEIVING FEDERAL $
WORKING PARENTS GIVEN TAX BREAK FOR CHILD-CARE EXPENSES

10. GLORIA STEINAM

11. ROE v. WADE WHAT? SUPREME COURT CASE WHEN? 1973 ISSUE? COURT DECISION:
DOES A WOMAN HAVE THE RIGHT TO HAVE AN ABORTION?
COURT DECISION:
GRANTED WOMEN THE RIGHT TO HAVE AN ABORTION IN THE FIRST THREE MONTHS OF PREGNANCY
EFFECT?
ABORTION IS LEGALIZED IN THE U.S.
ABORTION-RIGHTS ADVOCATES, LIKE N.O.W., GAIN POLITICAL POWER
THE ABORTION DEBATE CONTIUES TO DIVIDE AMERICANS

13. Anti-Abortion
Protests, Washington

14. E.R.A 1972: CONGRESS PASSES EQUAL RIGHTS AMENDMENT DESCRIBE:
1st INTRODUCED TO CONGRESS IN 1923
WOULD GUARANTEE EQUAL RIGHTS UNDER THE LAW TO BOTH GENDERS
1972: AFTER IT’S PASSED IN CONGRESS, IT NEEDED RATIFICATION BY ¾ (38) U.S. STATES
WIDESPREAD RESISTANCE TO E.R.A.
WHO?
CONSERVATIVE RELIGIOUS GROUPS
CONSERVATIVE POLITICAL GROUPS
STOP-ERA CAMPAIGN: PHYLLIS SCHLAFLY
WHY?
FEAR NEGATIVE IMPACT ON FAMILIES
DEVELOPMENT OF OTHER ISSUES:
SAME-SEX MARRIAGE
DRAFTING OF WOMEN
RESULT?
1977: ERA RATIFIED BY 35 OF 38 STATES ; FAILS TO GET 38 STATES

15. 1972 Pro-ERA Rally

17. Phyllis Schlafly,
Stop-ERA Campaign
Chairperson