1. Chapter 24 Solid and Hazardous Wastes

2. Types of Solid Waste  Municipal solid waste  Relatively small portion of solid waste produced  Non-municipal solid waste  waste from industry, agriculture, and mining Municipal Solid Waste

3. Disposal of Solid Waste  Three methods  Sanitary Landfills  Incineration  Recycling

4. Sanitary Landfill

5.  Problems  Methane gas  Contamination of surface & ground water  Not a long-term remedy  Few new facilities being opened  Closing a full landfill is very expensive

6.  Special Problem: Plastic  Special Problem: Tires  cannot be recycled  Can be incinerated or shredded Sanitary Landfill 300 million tires are scrapped or dumped per year!

7. IncinerationPros  Volume of solid waste reduced by 90%  Produces heat that can make steam to generate electricity  Produce less carbon emissions than fossil fuel power plants Cons  Byproduct  ash

8. Waste Prevention  Three Goals: (The 3 R’s)  (1) REDUCE the amount of waste  (2) Reuse products  (3) Recycle materials

9. Composting  Reduces yard waste in landfills  Can be sold or distributed to community

10. Reducing Waste  Purchase products with less packaging

11. Reusing Products  Refilling glass beverage bottles  Japan recycles almost all bottles  Reused 20 times

12. Recycling Materials  Every ton of recycled paper saves:  17 trees  7000 gallons of water  4100 kwatt-hrs of energy  3 cubic yards of landfill space  Recycle  Glass bottles, newspapers, steel cans, plastic bottles, cardboard, office paper

13. Recycling  Recycling Paper  US recycles 50%  Many developed countries are higher  Recycling Glass  US recycles 25%  Costs less than new glass

14. Recycling  Recycling Aluminum  Making new can from recycled one costs far less than making a brand new one  49% of Al recycled in 2007  Recycling Plastic  Less expensive to make from raw materials

15. Recycling  Recycling Tires  Playground equipment  Trashcans  Garden hose  Carpet  Roofing materials  36% of tires are currently recycled to make other products

16. Integrated Waste Management

17. Love Canal Toxic Waste Site Hazardous Waste  Any discarded chemical that threatens human health or the environment  Reactive, corrosive, explosive or toxic chemicals  Types of Hazardous Waste  Dioxins  PCBs  Radioactive waste

18. Hazardous Waste

19. Case-In-Point Hanford Nuclear Reservation

20. Superfund Program-Must be cleaned up  Cleaning up existing hazardous waste:  400,000 waste sites http://www.usc.edu/org/cosee- west/Jun07Resources/07Waiting%20fo r%20the%20DDT%20tide%20to%20t urn.pdf

21. Management of Hazardous Waste  Superfund National Priorities List  2009: 1,264 sites on the list  States with the greatest number of sites  New Jersey (114)  California (94)  Pennsylvania (94)  New York (85)  Michigan (65) We have Superfund sights in Maywood, Torrance….

22. Management of Hazardous Waste  Biological Treatment of Hazardous Chemicals  Bioremediation -  Time consuming  Phytoremediation –

23. Management of Hazardous Waste  (1) Source reduction  (2) Conversion to less hazardous materials  (3) Long-term storage