1. Stimulants Christienne Paner Bree Tippit

2. Stimulants: Chemicals that stimulate the brain and the central nervous system by increasing mental alertness.

3. Psychological Effects Increase alertness and wakefulness Decrease appetite Examples: Amphetamine, nicotine and caffine

4. Amphetamines vs Adrenaline Both derive from the phenylethylamine structure (CH 3 CH 2 NH 2 ) + benzene Amphetamines mimic effects of adrenaline Sympathomimetic drugs

5. Constricting of the Arteries Increased perspiration Act on central nervous system Mainly the brain Increases heart rate, blood pressure, respiration, wakefulness, restlessness, insomnia Elevate mood Followed by fatigue, irritability, depression Makes the body use its’ reserved energy Possibly followed by sudden blackout or collapse

6. Nicotine Short Term Effects Increased heart rate and blood pressure Reduced urine output Stimulating effects Long Term Effects Increased risk of heart disease Thrombosis- formation of blood clots Peptic ulcers- increased acidity in the stomach Addictive/ Dependence Cancer: lung, larynx, mouth Emphysema Chronic bronchitis Withdrawal symptoms

7. Caffeine Central nervous system stimulant Works inside nerve cells to increase rates of celluar metabolism Energy available from respiration is increased Stimulates nervous system, heart, kidneys, lungs, arteries following to heart and brain Vasoconstrictor- constriction of blood vessels

8. Structure Heterocyclic compound One or more carbon in a ring are replaced by another atom Example in Nicotine Tertiary amine group Three organic substituents attached to N −R3N−R3N