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Published byGwendoline Reynolds Modified over 9 years ago
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Blood
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Essential Life Supportive Fluid Transported in Closed System Throughout Body Through Blood Vessels
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Physical Characteristics Viscous pH 7.35 – 7.45 Temperature: 38 degrees C; 100.4 degrees F 7% - 8% of total body weight Males: 5 – 6 liters Females: 4 – 5 liters
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Functions of Blood Transportation –What is transported? Regulation –What does it help regulate? Protection –How does it protect?
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Four Components Plasma Erythrocytes: (RBCs) Leukocytes (WBCs) Platelets
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Plasma Liquid portion: 90-92% water with fibrous proteins (fibrin) Straw colored, sticky fluid Carries electrolytes, hormones, gases, and organic compounds
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Erythrocytes Shape: biconcave disc flexibility to change shape Mature anucleate Lifespan: 100 – 120 days 97% is hemoglobin Transports O2
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Leukocytes/WBCs Surveillance, Fighters, Protectors
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5 Types of WBCs Neutrophils: granululocyte (bacterial and some fungal infections) Lymphocyte: agranulocyte (T&B cells) Monocyte: agranulocyte Eosinophil: granulocyte (allergic reactions, parasitic infections) Basophil: granulocyte
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Platelets Thrombocytes Involved in blood clotting Lifespan: live only 10 days Aspirin inactivates the platelets
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Red Blood Cell Disorders Iron-deficiency anemia –Insufficient Fe –Affects ______ –Results in_____ –Patient is _____ –Most common type of anemia –Looks?
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Red Blood Cell Disorders Aplastic anemia –Failure of ____ to produce enough blood cells Pernicious anemia –Lack of intrinsic factor –Inability to absorb vitamin _____
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Sickle Cell Anemia History –Observed in 1910 –1917 found sickled in blood smear –1949 discovered Hemoglobin S during electrophoresis Different amino acid –Sickle Cell Trait
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Sickle Cell Trait Hemoglobin AS Heterozygous State ~ 8% of American Blacks Helps against malaria What causes a reaction? Sickle Cell Hemoglobin SS Homozygous State No cure Clinical features: bone and joint abnormalities, enlarged heart, heart murmurs, retinal hemorrhage
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Red Blood Cell Disorder Diamond Blackfan Anemia –Rare, 5-7 per million – bone marrow fails to make RBC, severely anemic –Associated with birth defects (most common head and face, arms and hands, heart, genitourinary
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White Blood Cell Disorder Leukemia –White blood cell or bone marrow cancer –Two main categories: Acute Chronic –Subcategorized Myelogenous Lymphocytic Cateogories Acute: immature WBC Chronic: mature, abnormal WBC Lymphocytic: affects bone marrow that makes WBC lymphocytes Myelogenous: bone marrow cells that make RBC, Platelets, WBC other than lymphocytes
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White Blood Cell Disorders Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL) Most common type in young children Affects adults, usually over 65 Bone cancer where immature blood cells are made Treatments: good chance for cure in children Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia Most often affects adults over 55 Sometimes younger adults, almost never children Bone marrow cancer, progresses slowly Treatments: help control disease
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White Blood Cell Disorders Acute Myelogenous Leukemia (AML) Most common in adults More common in men Affects myeloid cells: that make mature RCB, WBC, platelets Rapid forming Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia (CML) Mainly in adults (rare for children) Progresses slowly
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http://ww2.cancercenter.com/leukemia/t ypes/
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Platelet/Thrombocytes Thrombocytes: nuclear fragments borne from megakaryoblast Activated by clotting proteins in plasma make a plug to stop bleeding
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Diseases Thromobocytopenia Abnormally low platelet count Clotting disorders Petechiae, brusing, deep vein thrombosis DVT- blood clot in deep vein. Usually in lower leg, thigh, or pelvis. –What happens if the clot breaks off and gets to the lung?
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Clotting Disorders
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Other Blood Disorders Hemochromatosis –Absorbs too much Fe from food and vitamins –Fe builds up=Fe overload –Build up can build up over time and damage organs (liver, heart, pancreas) –Causes: heart arrhythmias, cirrhosis Bleeding & Clotting Disorders –Important problem for women because disorders to reproductive issues –Heavy menstrual bleeding (menorrhagia) –Bleeding & clotting complications of pregnancy –Recurrent fetal loss
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Hemophilia Inherited bleeding disorder Blood does not clot Clotting factors are low or none Problems???
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Hemolytic disease of the newborn In fetus is Rh+ and mother was Rh- Must have previous Rh+ pregnancy –Antibodies cross the placenta and destroy the RBC –Results in decreased RBC for fetus = death or jaundice Mother has to receive Rhogam injection after every Rh+ pregnancy
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Jaundice
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Mononucleosis Mono Kissing Disease Noncancerous leukocyte disorder from virus called Epstein-Barr virus Lymphocytes Signs and Symptoms? Resolves itself in 4-6 weeks.
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Mononucleosis Mono: above Leukemia: below Difference is the Auer rods in lymphocyte
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