3. DNA, RNA, & Protein Synthesis (12.3) State Standards 2A. Distinguish between DNA and RNA. 2B. Explain the role of DNA in storing and transmitting cellular information.

4. 12.3 DNA, RNA, and Protein Molecular Genetics Central Dogma  RNA  Contains the sugar ribose and the base uracil  Usually is single stranded Chapter 12 DNA to RNA…RNA to Protein

5. RNA vs. DNA RNA Sugar: Ribose Bases: Adenine & Uracil Strands: Single DNA Sugar: Deoxyribose Bases: Adenine & Thymine Strands: Double

6. Molecular Genetics Messenger RNA (mRNA)  Long strands of RNA nucleotides that are formed complementary to one strand of DNA Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)  Associates with proteins to form ribosomes in the cytoplasm Transfer RNA (tRNA)  Smaller segments of RNA nucleotides that transport amino acids to the ribosome 12.3 DNA, RNA, and Protein Chapter 12

7. Molecular Genetics 12.3 DNA, RNA, and Protein Chapter 12

8.  DNA is unzipped in the nucleus and RNA polymerase binds to a specific section where an mRNA will be synthesized. Molecular Genetics Transcription  Through transcription, the DNA code is transferred to mRNA in the nucleus. 12.3 DNA, RNA, and Protein Chapter 12

9. Transcription Animation

10. Molecular Genetics The Code  Experiments during the 1960s demonstrated that the DNA code was a three-base code.  The three-base code in DNA or mRNA is called a codon. 12.3 DNA, RNA, and Protein Chapter 12

11. Molecular Genetics Translation  In translation, tRNA molecules act as the interpreters of the mRNA codon sequence.  At the middle of the folded strand, there is a three-base coding sequence called the anticodon.  Each anticodon is complementary to a codon on the mRNA. 12.3 DNA, RNA, and Protein Chapter 12

12. Translation Animation

13. Crash Course Video Of Protein Synthesis

15. http://www.wisc- online.com/Objects/ViewObject.aspx?ID=AP 1302 Protein Synthesis Animation Link

18. Molecular Genetics 12.3 DNA, RNA, and Protein Chapter 12

23. 1.A 2.B 3.C 4.D CDQ 3 Molecular Genetics Chapter Diagnostic Questions Chapter 12 A. It contains the sugar ribose. B. It contains the base uracil. C. It is single-stranded. D. It contains a phosphate. Which is not true of RNA?

24. 1.A 2.B 3.C 4.D FQ 6 Molecular Genetics Chapter 12 Which shows the basic chain of events in all organisms for reading and expressing genes? A. DNA  RNA  protein B. RNA  DNA  protein C. mRNA  rRNA  tRNA D. RNA processing  transcription  translation 12.3 Formative Questions

25. 1.A 2.B 3.C 4.D FQ 7 Molecular Genetics Chapter 12 12.3 Formative Questions In the RNA molecule, uracil replaces _______. A. adenine B. cytosine C. purine D. thymine

26. 1.A 2.B 3.C 4.D FQ 8 Molecular Genetics Chapter 12 12.3 Formative Questions Which diagram shows messenger RNA (mRNA)? A. C. B. D.

27. 1.A 2.B 3.C 4.D STP 2 Molecular Genetics Chapter 12 Standardized Test Practice A. mRNA processing B. protein synthesis C. transcription D. translation What is this process called?