1. Wake-up Explain the difference between prophase and telophase.
What is the end result of the cell cycle?
If a cell has 140 chromosomes and it undergoes mitosis, how many chromosomes will be present in the new cell?

2. Protein Synthesis
Christopherson

3. Write down 3 “things” that you know about DNA

4. What is a GENE? Instruction manual for our body
Portion of DNA that “codes” (has directions) for a trait

5. What is a TRAIT?
A trait is a genetically determined characteristic

6. The nitrogen bases spell out the instructions.
Where is a Gene?
Within DNA
The nitrogen bases spell out the instructions.

7. RNA
Ribonucleic Acid
Make up of Nucleotides
Contains Phosphorus

8. RNA Nucleotide A C B Uracil Phosphate Nitrogen Base Guanine Cytosine
Ribose
Adenine
Uracil

9. Made up of ONE strand of nucleotides
Types of RNA
Messenger RNA
Nickname: mRNA
Made up of ONE strand of nucleotides

10. mRNA Function
Copy a message from a gene on DNA
DNA
mRNA

11. Types of RNA Transfer RNA Nickname: tRNA
Made up of ONE strand of nucleotides and a amino acid

12. Carries amino acids to mRNA
tRNA Function
Carries amino acids to mRNA
Amino Acids
mRNA

13. Made up of ONE strand of nucleotides mixed with the ribosome
Types of RNA
Ribosomal RNA
Nickname: rRNA
Made up of ONE strand of nucleotides mixed with the ribosome

14. Forms peptide bonds between the amino acids
rRNA Function
Forms peptide bonds between the amino acids
rRNA
Peptide
Bond
Amino
acid
Amino
acid
Amino
acid
Amino
acid

15. DNA versus RNA: # of Strands

16. DNA versus RNA: Sugar
Deoxyribose
Ribose

17. DNA versus RNA: Bonds with Adenine
Thymine
Adenine
Uracil

18. Review: Proteins
Proteins are made up of amino acids that are held together by peptide bonds

19. Brief summary of Protein synthesis (Video iTunes: 12:22-14:58)
Make Proteins

20. Brief Summary of Transcription
Make mRNA from a gene on DNA

21. Location of Transcription
Nucleus

22. Process of Transcription
DNA Backbone
Nitrogen Bases
T A C G C G C C T A G G A T T A G T
A T G C G C G G A T C C T A A T C A
RNA Polymerase
RNA Polymerase attaches to DNA and breaks Hydrogen bonds; splitting DNA
Choose a gene that needs to be “read” or copied

23. Process of Transcription
DNA
RNA Polymerase
T A C G C G C C T A G G A T T A G T
A T G C G C G G A T C C T A A T C A A U
G C G C G G A U C C U A A T C A
mRNA
RNA polymerase adds matching nucleotides to exposed DNA strand
DNA is split apart; separated
Nitrogen Bases
DNA Backbone
A T G C G C G G A T C C T A A T C A

24. Process of Transcription
DNA
RNA Polymerase
T A C G C G C C T A G G A T T A G T
A T G C G C G G A T C C T A A T C A
A U G C G C G G A U C C U A A U C A
mRNA
mRNA leaves the nucleus
RNA Polymerase leaves
DNA recombines
A U G C G C G G A U C C U A A U C A
mRNA
Nitrogen Bases
DNA Backbone
A T G C G C G G A T C C T A A T C A

25. Transcription Animation Transcription Video #1 Translation Video: iTunes (16:37)

26. Transcribe the following
DNA
TAC GGC AAA TAG GAT TTT CCA TTA AGT
AUG CCG UUU AUC CUA AAA GGU AAU UCA
mRNA