1. Unit 5 Review Sickle Cell Anemia Protein Synthesis Meiosis Cloning and Stem Cells

2. What to Know and Be Able to Do Unit 5 covers all human knowledge including:Unit 5 covers all human knowledge including: –Cause and Traits of Sickle Cell Anemia –Protein Synthesis –Meiosis –Cloning and Stem Cells Review and Know Unit 5 Vocabulary WordsReview and Know Unit 5 Vocabulary Words Review Lessons from Unit 5Review Lessons from Unit 5

3. Sickle Cell Anemia Individuals who are sickle cell carriers (SA) are resistant to malaria infection. This means that they do not get malaria if they are bitten by a mosquito that has plasmodium microorganisms.

4. Sickle Cell Anemia Proteins determine the traits (phenotypes) of living things Sickle Cell is a recessive trait resulting in an error in the amino acid sequence of Hemoglobin, the protein that carries oxygen in red blood cells

5. Protein Synthesis TranscriptionTranscription –DNA triplet code transcribed into messenger RNA (mRNA) –mRNA triplet code called “codons” –Occurs in nucleus –mRNA carries DNA code to ribosome in cytoplasm Translation –mRNA/ribosome complex translate triplet code into amino acid (aa) sequence –Transfer RNA (tRNA) brings a specific aa to mRNA/ribosome complex –tRNA triplet “anticodon” matches mRNA codon to insure aa’s are in correct sequence

6. DNA vs RNA Nucleotides DNADNA –Deoxyribonucleic Acid –Double-stranded helix –Composed of Nucleotides AdenineAdenine CytosineCytosine GuanineGuanine ThymineThymine RNA –Ribonucleic Acid –Single-stranded –Composed of Nucleotides Adenine Cytosine Guanine Uracil

7. Transcription DNA untwists and unzipsDNA untwists and unzips RNA nucleotides base pair with exposed DNA basesRNA nucleotides base pair with exposed DNA bases –Uracil base pairs with Adenine mRNA codons match DNA triplet codemRNA codons match DNA triplet code Which strand is DNA? Why?Which strand is DNA? Why? Which strand is RNA? WhyWhich strand is RNA? Why Where in the cell is this process taking place?Where in the cell is this process taking place?

8. Translation Occurs in cytoplasm at mRNA/Ribosome complex Triplet anticodons of tRNA match mRNA codons to align aa’s in correct sequence aa’s bonded together into correct polypeptide chain sequence

10. Protein Synthesis Practice VIP Gene DNA Base Sequence ATG-ACA-TCG-TCG-TTC-CTA-TTC-TCG-TAA VIP Gene mRNA Base Sequence (codons) ____-____-____-____-____-____-____-____-____ tRNA Anticodon Sequence ____-____-____-____-____-____-____-____-____ Protein (aa) Sequence (use key) ____-____-____-____-____-____-____-____-____

11. Protein Synthesis Practice VIP Gene DNA Base Sequence ATG-ACA-TCG-TCG-TTC-CTA-TTC-TCG-TAA VIP Gene mRNA Base Sequence (codon) UAC-UGU-AGC-AGC-AAG-GAU-AAG-AGC-AUU tRNA Anticodon Sequence ____-____-____-____-____-____-____-____-____ Protein (aa) Sequence (use key) ____-____-____-____-____-____-____-____-____

12. Protein Synthesis Practice VIP Gene DNA Base Sequence ATG-ACA-TCG-TCG-TTC-CTA-TTC-TCG-TAA VIP Gene mRNA Base Sequence (codon) UAC-UGU-AGC-AGC-AAG-GAU-AAG-AGC-AUU tRNA Anticodon Sequence AUG-ACA-UCG-UCG-UUC-CUA-UUC-UCG-UAA Protein (aa) Sequence (use key) ____-____-____-____-____-____-____-____-____

13. Protein Synthesis Practice tRNA Anticodon Sequence AUG-ACA-UCG-UCG-UUC-CUA-UUC-UCG-UAA Protein (aa) Sequence (use key) ____-____-____-____-____-____-____-____-____

14. Protein Synthesis Practice tRNA Anticodon Sequence AUG-ACA-UCG-UCG-UUC-CUA-UUC-UCG-UAA Protein (aa) Sequence (use key) (start) M – T – S – S – F – L – F – S – W (stop) (start) M – T – S – S – F – L – F – S – W (stop)

15. Meiosis Process that produces haploid gametes (sex cells) that have one-half of the genetic material of the original diploid cell

16. Meiosis Things to Know for Meiosis Meiosis has eight stagesMeiosis has eight stages Results in the formation of gametesResults in the formation of gametes Gametes or sex cells have half the number of chromosomes of a normal cell (haploid)Gametes or sex cells have half the number of chromosomes of a normal cell (haploid) All other cells in your body, everything but the eggs or sperm, are diploid cellsAll other cells in your body, everything but the eggs or sperm, are diploid cells Click here for Meiosis animation Click here for Meiosis animation Prophase I Metaphase I Anaphase I Telophase I Prophase II Metaphase II Anaphase II Telophase II www.lpscience.fatcow.com/jwanamaker/animations/meiosis.html

17. Cloning & Stem Cells What does it mean to “clone” an organism?What does it mean to “clone” an organism? What are stem cells and what are the pros and cons of stem cell research?What are stem cells and what are the pros and cons of stem cell research?

18. Unit 5 Study Guide Worth 5 Extra Credit points on test if completed (do your own work) and turned in on test day.