1. DNA & RNA Protein Synthesis

3. DNA http://www.youtu be.com/watch?v =4PKjF7OumYo

8. http://www.idigitalmotion.com/portfolio.htm

10. DNA vs RNA

11. Gene Expression Protein Synthesis

13. C----G T-----A http://outreach.mcb.harvard.edu/animation s/cellcycle.swf

19. Protein Synthesis http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1PSwhTGFMxs&feature=related

21. You have to read Chapter 10 to understand the structure of DNA, RNA, DNA Replication, and Transcription. Use this as a sample checklist, to make sure that you have all of the required elements... Model has: _____ Phosphate Molecules (1) _____ Pentose Sugar (1) _____ Nitrogen Bases (A-T and G-C) (2) _____ Hydrogen Bonds (1) _____ Has at least 10 pairings (1) _____ Clearly labeled legend (2 marks) _____ Effort and Creativity (0 –1—2 ) TOTAL = 10 http://www.saskschools.ca/curr_content/bio 2030/bio30/unit1/dnaproject/activitytemplat e/page4.htm

25. a. DNA - carries the blueprint for the order of amino acids to be produced during protein synthesis. b. Messenger RNA (mRNA) - copies the DNA molecule in the nucleus during transcription and goes into the cytoplasm and attaches itself to a ribosome. One 3 letter unit in an mRNA chain is called a codon. c. Transfer RNA (tRNA) - drops off amino acids it is coded to carry at the ribsome. The 3 letter code is complementary to mRNA and this 3 letter code is called the anti-codon d. Ribosome (rRNA) - this is where protein synthesis occurs. (Where the protein is assembled)

26. Determine the amino acids coded for by a strand of DNA 1. Determining codons from a strand of DNA Consider the following strand of DNA read from left to right: T T A T G C T C C T A A When complementary base pairing occurs the following strand of mRNA is obtained. A A U A C G A G G A U U The codons are read three letters at a time from the transcribed mRNA. The codons are: A A U A C G A G G A U U 2. Determining amino acids from mRNA codons Find the codons in the table of mRNA codons below and the amino acids they code for. AAU -Asparagine ACG - Threonine AGG - Arginine AUU -isoleucine

28. 5 steps in protein synthesis -DNA serves as a code for proteins -Transcription occurs. One strand of DNA serves as a template (blueprint) for the formation of mRNA. -after transcription, the newly formed mRNA goes into the cytoplasm and attaches to a ribosomes. -tRNA which carry specific amino acids, have anticodons which bind complementarily with the mRNA codons -The ribosome moves along the mRNA strand reading each codon. The tRNA anticodon bonds to it complementary codon. The amino acid carried by the tRNA is bonded to the polypeptide. The ribosome moves down the mRNA strand one codon at a time releasing a tRNA as it does and making room for another tRNA carrying an amino acid to join the mRNA. DNA QUIZ QUESTIONS

29. http://www- class.unl.edu/biochem/gp2/m_biology/animation/gene/gene_a2.html http://www.stolaf.edu/people/giannini/flashanimat/molgenetics/transcription.sw f RNA Transcription

32. Here is an overview. Gene Expression: DNA-  Proteins Transcription = DNA → RNA Translation = RNA → protein

37. Genetic recombination is a process by which a molecule of DNA is broken and then joined to a different DNA molecule. Recombination can occur between similar molecules of DNA, as in homologous recombination, or dissimilar molecules of DNA as in non-homologous end joining. Recombination is a common method of DNA repair in both bacteria and eukaryotes. In eukaryotes, recombination occurs in meiosis as a way of facilitating chromosomal crossover. The crossover process leads to offspring having different combinations of genes from their parentssimilarhomologous recombination non-homologous end joiningDNA repairbacteriaeukaryotes meiosischromosomal crossover

38. Genetic engineering, recombinant DNA technology, and gene splicing are terms that apply to the direct manipulation of an organism's genes. [1] Genetic engineering is different from traditional breeding, where the organism's genes are manipulated indirectly. Genetic engineering uses the techniques of molecular cloning and transformation to alter the structure and characteristics of genes directly. Genetic engineering techniques have been applied to various industries, principally medicine and agriculture, with some success. Examples include production of synthetic human insulin using modified bacteria.recombinant DNAorganism genes [1]breedingmolecular cloningtransformationinsulinbacteria Human genetic engineering can be used to treat genetic disease, but there is a difference between treating the disease in an individual and changing the genome that gets passed down to that person's descendantsgenetic disease

39. Recombinant DNA Recombinant DNA (rDNA) is a form of DNA that does not exist naturally, which is created by combining DNA sequences that would not normally occur together. [1] In terms of genetic modification, recombinant DNA is introduced through the addition of relevant DNA into an existing organismal DNA, such as the plasmids of bacteria, to code for or alter different traits for a specific purpose, such as antibiotic resistance.DNADNA sequences [1]genetic modificationDNAplasmidsantibiotic resistance A plasmid is a DNA molecule that is separate from, and can replicate independently of, the chromosomal DNA. [1] They are double stranded and in many cases, circular. Plasmids usually occur naturally in bacteriaDNAchromosomal DNA [1]bacteria

40. A restriction enzyme (or restriction endonuclease) is an enzyme that cuts double-stranded or single stranded DNA at specific recognition nucleotide sequences known as restriction sites.endonuclease enzymeDNAnucleotiderestriction sites

42. http://www.obgynacademy.com/basicsciences/fetology/genetics/