1. DNA RNA PROTEIN TRAIT Transcription & Translation Chapter 10

2. UNDERSTANDING RNA Ribonucleic Acid Single Stranded

3. A B C RNA Nucleotides A. Sugar (ribose) B. Phosphate Group C. Nitrogen Bases (ACGU)

4. Rules for Base Pairing in RNA: : B. Adenine:Uracil (A = U) A. Cytosine:Guanine (C G) RNA has Uracil (not Thymine)

5. DNA RNA Protein Trait 1. Transcription 2. Translation PROTEIN SYNTHESIS

6.  Transcription  In the nucleus  Makes a copy of DNA into mRNA (messenger RNA)  Translation  Happens in ribosome  Ribosomes are in the cytoplasm and on Rough ER  Uses instructions on mRNA to make protein

7. Transcription: DNA to mRNA  RNA polymerase binds to DNA.  DNA unwinds and separates.  Complementary RNA nucleotides are added. Let’s Watch: http://vcell.ndsu.nodak.edu/animations/transcription/movie.htm

8. Translation: mRNA to protein  Happens in the ribosome in the cytoplasm  Uses instructions on mRNA to make a protein  mRNA codes for an amino acid and tRNA delivers it

9. The Triplet Code: Codon Chart mRNA is read in sets of three nucleotides called CODONS. Example: AAG Each codon “codes” for an amino acid. Example: Lysine The codons on mRNA give the order of amino acids to make a protein.

10. Transfer RNA: tRNA  Codon  3 nucleotides on mRNA  Anti-codon  3 nucleotides on tRNA  Complementary to the codon  tRNA has anticodon on one side and amino acid on other

11.  tRNA anticodon binds to codon on mRNA and attaches correct amino acid to the growing polypeptide chain.

12. Start codon: Met Translation Begins with

13. Translation Ends with Stop codon: UAG, UAA, or UGA

14. Let’s watch Translation http://vcell.ndsu.nodak.edu/animations/translation/movie.htm

15. Ribosome Structure made of rRNA 2 sub- units

16. Point Mutation: one nucleotide is changed